General Awareness The Company Rule, Governor Generals and Viceroys

Governor-Generals

After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. ... Following the adoption of the Government of India Act of 1858, the Governor-General as representing the Crown became known as the Viceroy.
1. `color{blue} ul{"Warren Hastings"}` `color{green}{(1772-1785)}`

2. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Cornwallis"}` `color{green}{(1786-1793)}`

3. `color{blue} ul{"Sir John Shore"}` `color{green}{(1793-1798)}`

4. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Wellesley"}` `color{green}{(1798-1805)}`

5. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Minto"}` `color{green}{(1807-1813)}`

6. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Hasting"}` `color{green}{(1813-1823)}`

7. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Dalhousie"}` `color{green}{(1848-1856)}`





Warren Hastings

`color{blue} ul{"Warren Hastings"}` `color{green}{(1772-1785)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Warren Hastings succeeded Clive in 1772 and became the first Governor of Bengal for two years and in 1774, after enactment of Regulating Act of 1773, he became first Governor-General of Bengal.

`color{green} (✍️)` He passed regulating act of 1773 and made end to the dual system of administration in 1772 set up by Clive.

`color{green} (✍️)` The Supreme Court was set up at Calcutta in 1774 and Calcutta Madarasa in 1781.

`color{green} (✍️)` The Rohilla war between the Rohillas and the Nawab of Awadh (1774).

`color{green} (✍️)` The first Anglo-Maratha war (1775-82) and the treaty of salbai in 1782.

`color{green} (✍️)` Pitt’s India Act of 1784.

`color{green} (✍️)` Foundation of Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784. It was established due to the risings interest of Englishmen into Indian Culture.

`color{green} (✍️)` First English translation of Bhagavad Gita was done by Charles Willkins and the introduction was written by Warren Hastings.

Lord Cornwallis

`color{blue} ul{"Lord Cornwallis"}` `color{green}{(1786-1793)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Lord Cornwallis established lower grade courts and Appellate courts. District Judge post started.

`color{green} (✍️)` The Third Anglo-Mysore war (1789-92).

`color{green} (✍️)` The Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792.

`color{green} (✍️)` To suppress the bribery, he increased the salaries of the employees of the Company and police officers.

`color{green} (✍️)` Introduction of the Permanent Settlement in Bengal and Bihar in 1793.

`color{green} (✍️)` Introduction of civil services in India.

Sir John Shore

`color{blue} ul{"Sir John Shore"}` `color{green}{(1793-1798)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Sir John Shore was famous for his polices of non-invention.

`color{green} (✍️)` Charter act of 1793.

`color{green} (✍️)` Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas (1795).

Lord Wellesley

`color{blue} ul{"Lord Wellesley"}` `color{green}{(1798-1805)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Introduction of Subsidiary Alliance System in 1798, to bring Indian States under the control of British political power.

`color{green} (✍️)` The fourth Anglo- Mysore war (1799).

`color{green} (✍️)` Treaty of Bassein between Baji Rao II and the English (1802).

`color{green} (✍️)` The second Anglo-Maratha war (1803-05).

`color{green} (✍️)` The first subsidiary treaty was signed with the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1798 and 1800 followed by Tanjore (1799), Awadh (1801), Bhonsle (1803), Gwalior (1804), Indore (1817) and Udaipur, Jaipur and Jodhpur (1818).

`color{green} (✍️)` Formation of madras Presidency in 1801.

`color{green} (✍️)` He described himself as Bengal Tiger.

`color{green} (✍️)` He founded the Fort William College at Calcutta.

Lord Minto

`color{blue} ul{"Lord Minto"}` `color{green}{(1807-1813)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Lord Minto was the Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1905 to 1910.

`color{green} (✍️)` Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh which extended the British rule up to the river Satluj.

`color{green} (✍️)` End of the first stage of British relations with the Indian princes which was based on self-defence and friendly alliances.

`color{green} (✍️)` Charter Act of 1813.

`color{green} (✍️)` Importation of slaves into India was stopped.

`color{green} (✍️)` The famine of 1876-1878.

`color{green} (✍️)` The British parliament passed the Royal Titles Act investing Queen Victoria with the title of Kaiser-i-hind or Queen Empress of India.

`color{green} (✍️)` Introduced the gold standard into the monetary system.

Lord Hasting

`color{blue} ul{"Lord Hasting"}` `color{green}{(1813-1823)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Ended policy of non-intervention.

`color{green} (✍️)` Military operations against Pindaris (1817-18).

`color{green} (✍️)` The third Anglo-Maratha war (1816-18).

`color{green} (✍️)` Abolition of Peshwaship and annexation of all his territories in 1818.

`color{green} (✍️)` By 1818, all the Indian territories excepting the Punjab and Sindh had been brought under British control.

`color{green} (✍️)` Gurukha war or the Anglo-Nepal war (1814-16).

`color{green} (✍️)` He abolished the censorship of press.

`color{green} (✍️)` Establishment of the Ryotwari System in Madras by the Governor Thomas Munro.

`color{green} (✍️)` The Ryotwari and Mahalwari system introduced in Bombay.

`color{green} (✍️)` In the north-western Provinces the Mahalwari system was introduced.

Lord Dalhousie

`color{blue} ul{"Lord Dalhousie"}` `color{green}{(1848-1856)}`

`color{green} (✍️)` Lord Dalhousie introduced ‘Doctorine of Lapse‘ for annexing the dependant States whose ruler died without a natural heir to succeed him.

`color{green} (✍️)` Some important Indian States such as Satara (1848), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Jaitpur & Sambhalpur (1854) and Nagpur (1854) were annexed by the enforcement of the Doctorine of Lapse.

`color{green} (✍️)` Introduced Doctrine of Good of Governed under which Awadh (1856) and Punjab (1849) were annexed.

`color{green} (✍️)` Charles Wood’s Dispatch on Indian education was accepted, which is called Magnacarta of British Education.

`color{green} (✍️)` Laying down of first connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853.

`color{green} (✍️)` Post Office Act, 1854 was passed and first time postage stamps were issued, Postal and Telegraph systems were established.

`color{green} (✍️)`- First telegraph line was laid between Calcutta to Agra.

`color{green} (✍️)` He established Public Works Department for the construction and maintenance of canals, roads, bridges, etc.

`color{green} (✍️)` Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849) and annexation of Punjab in 1849.

`color{green} (✍️)` Abolition of titles and pensions.

`color{green} (✍️)` Shimla became the summer capital of India and permanent headquarters of army.

`color{green} (✍️)` Competitive examination for Indian Civil Services were started.

`color{green} (✍️)` Headquarters of the Bengal Artillery were shifted from Calcutta to Meerut.

`color{green} (✍️)` The Charter Act of 1853 passed.

`color{green} (✍️)` Widow Remarriage Act (1856).

✓ Points To Remember

1. `color{blue} ul{"Warren Hastings"}` `color{green}{(1772-1785)}`
`color {blue} ●`Warren Hastings (1773-1785) - Became Governor in 1772 and Governor-General in 1773 through Regulating Act of 1773
`color {blue} ●`First (1st) Anglo-Maratha War (1776-82) and Treaty of Salbai(1782)
`color {blue} ●`Second (2nd) Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84) and Treaty of Mangalore (1785) with Tipu Sultan

2. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Cornwallis"}` `color{green}{(1786-1793)}`
`color {blue} ●`Cornwallis is known as the father of the Civil Services in India
`color {blue} ●`New Police System was introduced (1791)
`color {blue} ●`Third (3rd) Anglo-Mysore War - defeat of Tipu Sultan (1790-92)

3. `color{blue} ul{"Sir John Shore"}` `color{green}{(1793-1798)}`
`color {blue} ●`First (1st) Charter Act was introduced (1793)
`color {blue} ●`Battle of Kurdla / Kharda / Khadra between Nizam and the Marathas (1795)

4. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Wellesley"}` `color{green}{(1798-1805)}`
`color {blue} ●`Introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system to achieve British paramountcy (1798) - The states that signed the alliance were - Hydrabad (first to sign) in 1798 and then Mysore, Tanjore, Awadh, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Mecheri, Bundi, Bharatpur and Berar
`color {blue} ●`Described himself a Bengal Tiger
`color {blue} ●`Fourth (4th) Anglo-Mysore war (1799) - defeat and death of Tipu Sultan
`color {blue} ●`Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) - defeat of the Sindhiya, the Bhonsale and the Holkar

5. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Minto"}` `color{green}{(1807-1813)}`
`color {blue} ●`Sent the mission of Malcolm to Persia and that of Eliphinston to Kabul (1808)

6. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Hasting"}` `color{green}{(1813-1823)}`
`color {blue} ●`Adopted the Policy of Intervention and War
`color {blue} ●`He considered Rajputs as the natural allies
`color {blue} ●`Third (3rd) Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818)
`color {blue} ●`Pindari war (1817-1818)

7. `color{blue} ul{"Lord Dalhousie"}` `color{green}{(1848-1856)}`
`color {blue} ●`Abolished Title and Pension
`color {blue} ●`Second Sikh War (1845-1846)
`color {blue} ●`Shimla was made summer capital of British India

 
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