General Awareness Transport

Transport (Railways)

- India has the second largest railway network in Asia and the fourth largest in the world after the USA, Russia, and China.
- It is the largest public sector undertaking of the country and it is the world's second largest railway network under single management.
- Indian railways has 17 railway zones.
- The first Indian railway line was operated for public in 1853 between Mumbai and Thane over a distance of 34 km's.
- The first electric train in India was 'Deccan Queen'. It was introduced in 1929 between Bombay and Poona.
- The second longest train route is of 'Himsagar Express' from Jammu Tawi to Kanyakumari. It covers a distance of 3787 km and passes through 73 stations in 72 hours.

Vivek Express

- It has the longest train route in India connecting Dibrugarh and Kanyakumari.
- It is the longest route on the Indian Railways network, in terms of distance and time, and is the 9th longest in the world.
- It was started to commemorate the 150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
- It covers a total of 4273 km from Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari.
- Previously, Himsagar Express was the longest express.

Konkan Railways

- The Konkan Railway is a subsidiary zone of the Indian Railways.
- It is one of the 17 zones of the Indian Railways but without any divisional structure unlike other railways zones in India.
- It is operated by Konkan Railway Corporation, headquartered at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.
- The network involves 3 states namely Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka.
- It has the fastest track in India and has a total length of 738 km. Almost 10% of the line passes through tunnels.

Jammu and Kashmir Railway Project

- With a view to provide an alternative and a reliable transportation system to Jammu and Kashmir, Government of India planned a 145 kms long railway line joining the Kashmir valley with the Indian railway network.
- The Project has been declared as a project of National Importance.
- As a part of this project, an AC train named as Shri Shakti Express had been flagged off between New Delhi and Shri Mata Vaishno Devi railway stations on 4th July, 2014 by the PM of India.

Railway Zones

- The Indian Railways is divided into zones, which are further sub-divided into divisions, each having a divisional headquarters.
- There are a total of 70 divisions and 17 zones.

Indian Railways Recognised by UNESCO

List of Indian Railways recognized by United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Railway Zones

List of 17 railway zones in India.

International Airports in India

List of international airports in India.

Airways

- The history of Indian Aviation Industry started in December 1912 with its first domestic air route between Karachi and Delhi.
- It was opened by the Indian Air Services in collaboration with the UK based Imperial Airways as an extension of London-Karachi flight of the Imperial Airways.
- Tata Sons Ltd., the first Indian airline, started a regular airmail service between Karachi and Madras three years later without any backing from the Indian government.
- In 1932, JRD set up Tata Airlines, the first Indian commercial carrier to transport mail and passengers within India.
- RD flew the first leg of the inaugural Karachi-Madras (Chennai) journey himself, taking mail from Karachi to Bombay via Ahmedabad using a single-engine De Havilland Puss Moth.
- In 1945, India’s second domestic airline, Deccan Airways was started by the Nizam of Hyderabad and Tata Sons.
- Tata Airlines became Air India in 1946.
- There are about 450 airports and 1091 registered aircraft's in India today.

Roadways

- The first evidence of road development in the Indian subcontinent can be traced back to approximately 2800 BC from the ancient cities of Harrapa and Mohenjodaro of the Indus Valley Civilization.
- India has a road network of over 5,472,144 kilometres (3,400,233 mi) as on 31 March 2015, the second largest road network in the world.
- The total length of the National Highways in the country at present is 65569 km.
- This comprises only 2% of the total road network but carries over 40% of the total traffic.

Indian Road Network

List of types of roads and their lengths.

National-Highways

List of important national highways in India.

Water Transport

- Approximately 95% of the country's trade by volume and 70% by value is moved through maritime transport.
- India is among the 20 leading merchant fleets all over the world.
- The country has 12 major ports and 200 minor ports.
- Indian port sector has seen certain major milestones being reached in the recent past, including the commissioning of the first phase of operations at International Container Transhipment Terminal, Vallarpadam, Solid Cargo Port Terminal, Dahej, Coal terminal, Mundra, Bulk terminal, Hazira and Greenfield port, Dhamra.
- Half of the total traffic between Assam and Kolkata are shared by river transport and the remaining half is shared by road and rail transport.
- Water transport is important in Kerala where rivers and backwaters are used for ferrying goods and people.

Sethusamudram Project

- This Project envisages dredging of a ship channel across the shallow straits between India and Sri Lanka.
- The projects that allow ships sailing between the East and West coasts of India to have a straight passage through India's territorial waters, instead of having circumvent Sri Lanka. This will lead to a saving of up to 424 nautical miles (780 km) and up to 30 hours in sailing time.
- Two channels will be created, one across North of Adam's bridge (the chain of Islets and shallows linking India with Sri Lanka) South-East of Pamban Island and another through the shallows of Palk bay, deepening the Palk straits. The total length of these two channels would be 89 km.
- The Inland Waterways Authority of India, headquartered at Noida was constituted on 27th October, 1986 as a statutory body.

Inland Waterways of India

List of inland waterways of India.

Ports in India

- The Wterways Authority in India, divides Indian ports into three categories: major, minor, and intermediate ports.
- Largest container port of India is Jawaharlal Nehru (Nhava Sheva) port in Mumbai.
- The largest natural port is in Mumbai.
- Kandla in Gujarat is a tidal port. It has been made into a free trade zone.
- New Mangalore Port is also called the 'Gateway of Karnataka'.
- Mumbai port is the' busiest port of India.
- Kandla port is called the 'offspring of partition' as it was developed after the partition as a substance of Karachi port. It is a tidal port and a free trade zone located in Rann of Kutch.

Ports of Western Coasts

List of Western coasts in India.

Ports of Eastern Coasts

List of Eastern coasts in India.

 
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