โ Microbes are also used for commercial and industrial production of certain chemicals like `color{Violet}"organic acids"`, `color{Violet}"alcohols"` and `color{Violet}"enzymes"`.
`star` `color{Brown}"Acids"`:
Examples of acid producers are:
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ด๐ฑ๐ฆ๐ณ๐จ๐ช๐ญ๐ญ๐ถ๐ด ๐ฏ๐ช๐จ๐ฆ๐ณ"` (a fungus) of citric acid
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ค๐ฆ๐ต๐ฐ๐ฃ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ข๐ค๐ฆ๐ต๐ช"` (a bacterium) of acetic acid
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐ด๐ต๐ณ๐ช๐ฅ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ถ๐ต๐บ๐ญ๐ช๐ค๐ถ๐ฎ"` (a bacterium) of butyric acid
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฐ๐ฃ๐ข๐ค๐ช๐ญ๐ญ๐ถ๐ด"` (a bacterium) of lactic acid.
`star` `color{Brown}"Alcohol"`:
โ Yeast (`color{Violet}"๐๐ข๐ค๐ค๐ฉ๐ข๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ค๐ฆ๐ด ๐ค๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ท๐ช๐ด๐ช๐ข๐ฆ"`) is used for commercial production of ethanol.
`star` `color{Brown}"Enzymes"`:
โ `color{Violet}"Microbes"` are also used for production of enzymes.
โ `color{Violet}"Lipases"` are used in `color{Violet}"detergent formulations"` and are helpful in `color{Violet}"removing oily stains"` from the laundry.
โ The `color{Violet}"bottled fruit juices"` bought from the market are `color{Violet}"clearer"` as compared to those made at home.
โ This is because the bottled juices are `color{Violet}"clarified"` by the use of `color{Violet}"pectinases"` and `color{Violet}"proteases"`.
`star` `color{Brown}"Therapeutic Agents"`
โ `color{Violet}"Streptokinase"` produced by the bacterium `color{Violet}"๐๐ต๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฑ๐ต๐ฐ๐ค๐ฐ๐ค๐ค๐ถ๐ด"` and modified by genetic engineering is used as a โclot busterโ for `color{Violet}"removing clots"` from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone `color{Violet}"myocardial infraction"` leading to heart attack.
โ Another bioactive molecule, `color{Violet}"cyclosporin A"`, that is used as an `color{Violet}"immunosuppressive agent"` in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus `color{Violet}"๐๐ณ๐ช๐ค๐ฉ๐ฐ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ญ๐บ๐ด๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฎ"`.
โ `color{Violet}"Statins"` produced by the yeast `color{Violet}"๐๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ด๐ค๐ถ๐ด ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ณ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ถ๐ด"` have been commercialised as `color{Violet}"blood-cholesterol lowering"` agents.
It acts by `color{Violet}"competitively inhibiting"` the enzyme responsible for `color{Violet}"synthesis of cholesterol"`.
โ Microbes are also used for commercial and industrial production of certain chemicals like `color{Violet}"organic acids"`, `color{Violet}"alcohols"` and `color{Violet}"enzymes"`.
`star` `color{Brown}"Acids"`:
Examples of acid producers are:
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ด๐ฑ๐ฆ๐ณ๐จ๐ช๐ญ๐ญ๐ถ๐ด ๐ฏ๐ช๐จ๐ฆ๐ณ"` (a fungus) of citric acid
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ค๐ฆ๐ต๐ฐ๐ฃ๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฆ๐ณ ๐ข๐ค๐ฆ๐ต๐ช"` (a bacterium) of acetic acid
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐ด๐ต๐ณ๐ช๐ฅ๐ช๐ถ๐ฎ ๐ฃ๐ถ๐ต๐บ๐ญ๐ช๐ค๐ถ๐ฎ"` (a bacterium) of butyric acid
โ `color{Violet}"๐๐ข๐ค๐ต๐ฐ๐ฃ๐ข๐ค๐ช๐ญ๐ญ๐ถ๐ด"` (a bacterium) of lactic acid.
`star` `color{Brown}"Alcohol"`:
โ Yeast (`color{Violet}"๐๐ข๐ค๐ค๐ฉ๐ข๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐บ๐ค๐ฆ๐ด ๐ค๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ท๐ช๐ด๐ช๐ข๐ฆ"`) is used for commercial production of ethanol.
`star` `color{Brown}"Enzymes"`:
โ `color{Violet}"Microbes"` are also used for production of enzymes.
โ `color{Violet}"Lipases"` are used in `color{Violet}"detergent formulations"` and are helpful in `color{Violet}"removing oily stains"` from the laundry.
โ The `color{Violet}"bottled fruit juices"` bought from the market are `color{Violet}"clearer"` as compared to those made at home.
โ This is because the bottled juices are `color{Violet}"clarified"` by the use of `color{Violet}"pectinases"` and `color{Violet}"proteases"`.
`star` `color{Brown}"Therapeutic Agents"`
โ `color{Violet}"Streptokinase"` produced by the bacterium `color{Violet}"๐๐ต๐ณ๐ฆ๐ฑ๐ต๐ฐ๐ค๐ฐ๐ค๐ค๐ถ๐ด"` and modified by genetic engineering is used as a โclot busterโ for `color{Violet}"removing clots"` from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone `color{Violet}"myocardial infraction"` leading to heart attack.
โ Another bioactive molecule, `color{Violet}"cyclosporin A"`, that is used as an `color{Violet}"immunosuppressive agent"` in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus `color{Violet}"๐๐ณ๐ช๐ค๐ฉ๐ฐ๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฎ๐ข ๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ญ๐บ๐ด๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฎ"`.
โ `color{Violet}"Statins"` produced by the yeast `color{Violet}"๐๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ข๐ด๐ค๐ถ๐ด ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ณ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ณ๐ฆ๐ถ๐ด"` have been commercialised as `color{Violet}"blood-cholesterol lowering"` agents.
It acts by `color{Violet}"competitively inhibiting"` the enzyme responsible for `color{Violet}"synthesis of cholesterol"`.