● With our present day life styles environmental `color{Violet}"pollution"` is a major `color{Violet}"cause of concern"`.
● The use of the `color{Violet}"chemical fertilisers"` to meet the ever-increasing demand of `color{Violet}"agricultural produce"` has contributed significantly to this pollution.
● Of course, we have now realised that there are problems associated with the `color{Violet}"overuse of chemical fertilisers"` and there is a large pressure to switch to `color{Violet}"organic farming"` – to use of `color{Violet}"biofertilisers"`.
● Biofertilisers are organisms that `color{Violet}"enrich the nutrient quality"` of the soil.
● The `color{Violet}"main sources"` of biofertilisers are `color{Violet}"bacteria"`, `color{Violet}"fungi"` and `color{Violet}"cyanobacteria"`.
● You have studied about the `color{Violet}"nodules"` on the roots of `color{Violet}"leguminous plants"` formed by the symbiotic association of `color{Violet}"Rhizobium"`.
● These bacteria `color{Violet}"fix atmospheric nitrogen"` into organic forms, which is used by the plant as `color{Violet}"nutrient"`.
● Other bacteria can `color{Violet}"fix atmospheric nitrogen"` while free-living in the soil (examples `color{Violet}"𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘮"` and `color{Violet}"𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳"`), thus enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.
● Fungi are also known to form `color{Violet}"symbiotic associations"` with plants (`color{Violet}"mycorrhiza"`).
● Many members of the genus `color{Violet}"Glomus form mycorrhiza"`.
● The `color{Violet}"fungal symbiont"` in these associations `color{Violet}"absorbs phosphorus"` from soil and passes it to the plant.
● Plants having such `color{Violet}"associations"` show other benefits also, such as resistance to `color{Violet}"root-borne pathogens"`, tolerance to `color{Violet}"salinity and drought"`, and an overall increase in `color{Violet}"plant growth and development"`.
● `color{Violet}"Cyanobacteria"` are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. `color{Violet}"𝘈𝘯𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘦𝘯𝘢, 𝘕𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘤"`, `color{Violet}"𝘖𝘴𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘢,"` etc.
● In `color{Violet}"paddy fields"`, cyanobacteria serve as an important `color{Violet}"biofertiliser"`.
● `color{Violet}"Blue green algae"` also add organic matter to the soil and `color{Violet}"increase its fertility"`.
● Currently, in our country, a number of `color{Violet}"biofertilisers are available commercially"` in the market and farmers use these regularly in their fields to `color{Violet}"replenish soil nutrients"` and to reduce dependence on `color{Violet}"chemical fertilisers"`.
● With our present day life styles environmental `color{Violet}"pollution"` is a major `color{Violet}"cause of concern"`.
● The use of the `color{Violet}"chemical fertilisers"` to meet the ever-increasing demand of `color{Violet}"agricultural produce"` has contributed significantly to this pollution.
● Of course, we have now realised that there are problems associated with the `color{Violet}"overuse of chemical fertilisers"` and there is a large pressure to switch to `color{Violet}"organic farming"` – to use of `color{Violet}"biofertilisers"`.
● Biofertilisers are organisms that `color{Violet}"enrich the nutrient quality"` of the soil.
● The `color{Violet}"main sources"` of biofertilisers are `color{Violet}"bacteria"`, `color{Violet}"fungi"` and `color{Violet}"cyanobacteria"`.
● You have studied about the `color{Violet}"nodules"` on the roots of `color{Violet}"leguminous plants"` formed by the symbiotic association of `color{Violet}"Rhizobium"`.
● These bacteria `color{Violet}"fix atmospheric nitrogen"` into organic forms, which is used by the plant as `color{Violet}"nutrient"`.
● Other bacteria can `color{Violet}"fix atmospheric nitrogen"` while free-living in the soil (examples `color{Violet}"𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘴𝘱𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘮"` and `color{Violet}"𝘈𝘻𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳"`), thus enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.
● Fungi are also known to form `color{Violet}"symbiotic associations"` with plants (`color{Violet}"mycorrhiza"`).
● Many members of the genus `color{Violet}"Glomus form mycorrhiza"`.
● The `color{Violet}"fungal symbiont"` in these associations `color{Violet}"absorbs phosphorus"` from soil and passes it to the plant.
● Plants having such `color{Violet}"associations"` show other benefits also, such as resistance to `color{Violet}"root-borne pathogens"`, tolerance to `color{Violet}"salinity and drought"`, and an overall increase in `color{Violet}"plant growth and development"`.
● `color{Violet}"Cyanobacteria"` are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. `color{Violet}"𝘈𝘯𝘢𝘣𝘢𝘦𝘯𝘢, 𝘕𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘰𝘤"`, `color{Violet}"𝘖𝘴𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘪𝘢,"` etc.
● In `color{Violet}"paddy fields"`, cyanobacteria serve as an important `color{Violet}"biofertiliser"`.
● `color{Violet}"Blue green algae"` also add organic matter to the soil and `color{Violet}"increase its fertility"`.
● Currently, in our country, a number of `color{Violet}"biofertilisers are available commercially"` in the market and farmers use these regularly in their fields to `color{Violet}"replenish soil nutrients"` and to reduce dependence on `color{Violet}"chemical fertilisers"`.