● `color{Violet}"Breeding"` is carried out by the `color{Violet}"conventional breeding techniques"` (described earlier) or by `color{Violet}"mutation breeding"`.
`color{Brown}"Conventional Breeding"`:
● The `color{Violet}"conventional method"` of breeding for disease resistance is that of `color{Violet}"hybridisation and selection"`.
● It’s steps are essentially `color{Violet}"identical"` to those for breeding for any other `color{Violet}"agronomic characters"` such as high yield.
● The `color{Brown}"various sequential steps"` are : `color{Violet}"screening germplasm"` for resistance sources, `color{Violet}"hybridisation"` of selected parents, `color{Violet}"selection and evaluation"` of the hybrids and `color{Violet}"testing and release"` of new varieties.
● Some crop varieties bred by `color{Violet}"hybridisation and selection"`, for disease resistance to fungi, bacteria and viral diseases are released.
● Conventional breeding is often `color{Violet}"constrained""` by the availability of `color{Violet}"limited number"` of `color{Violet}"disease resistance genes"` that are present and identified in various crop varieties or wild relatives.
`color{Brown}"Mutation breeding"`:
● `color{Violet}"Inducing mutations"` in plants through `color{Violet}"diverse means"` and then `color{Violet}"screening"` the plant materials for resistance sometimes leads to `color{Violet}"desirable genes"` being identified.
● Plants having these `color{Violet}"desirable characters"` can then be either multiplied directly or can be used in breeding.
● Other breeding methods that are used are `color{Violet}"selection amongst"` `color{Violet}"somaclonal variants"` and `color{Violet}"genetic engineering"`.
● `color{Brown}"Mutation"` is the process by which `color{Violet}"genetic variations are created"` through changes in the base sequence within genes resulting in the creation of a `color{Violet}"new character"` or trait not found in the parental type.
● It is possible to `color{Violet}"induce mutations"` artificially through use of `color{Violet}"chemicals or radiations"` (like gamma radiations), and selecting and using the plants that have the `color{Violet}"desirable character"` as a source in breeding – this process is called `color{Brown}"mutation breeding"`.
● In `color{Violet}"mung bean"`, resistance to `color{Violet}"yellow mosaic virus"` and `color{Violet}"powdery mildew"` were induced by mutations.
● `color{Brown}"Creating plants with"` `color{brown}"multiple superior traits"`:
● Several `color{Violet}"wild relatives"` of different cultivated species of plants have been shown to have certain `color{Violet}"resistant characters"` but have very `color{Violet}"low yield"`.
● Hence, there is a need to introduce the `color{Violet}"resistant genes"` into the `color{Violet}"high-yielding"` cultivated varieties.
● Resistance to `color{Violet}"yellow mosaic virus"` in `color{Violet}"bhindi"` (𝘈𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘴 𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘴) was transferred from a wild species and resulted in a new variety of 𝘈. 𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘴 called `color{Brown}"Parbhani krant"`i.
● All the above examples involve sources of `color{Violet}"resistance genes"` that are in the `color{Violet}"same crop species"`, which has to be bred for disease resistance, or in a `color{Violet}"related wild species"`.
● Transfer of resistance genes is achieved by `color{Violet}"sexual hybridisation"` between the target and the source plant followed by `color{Violet}"selection"`.
● `color{Violet}"Breeding"` is carried out by the `color{Violet}"conventional breeding techniques"` (described earlier) or by `color{Violet}"mutation breeding"`.
`color{Brown}"Conventional Breeding"`:
● The `color{Violet}"conventional method"` of breeding for disease resistance is that of `color{Violet}"hybridisation and selection"`.
● It’s steps are essentially `color{Violet}"identical"` to those for breeding for any other `color{Violet}"agronomic characters"` such as high yield.
● The `color{Brown}"various sequential steps"` are : `color{Violet}"screening germplasm"` for resistance sources, `color{Violet}"hybridisation"` of selected parents, `color{Violet}"selection and evaluation"` of the hybrids and `color{Violet}"testing and release"` of new varieties.
● Some crop varieties bred by `color{Violet}"hybridisation and selection"`, for disease resistance to fungi, bacteria and viral diseases are released.
● Conventional breeding is often `color{Violet}"constrained""` by the availability of `color{Violet}"limited number"` of `color{Violet}"disease resistance genes"` that are present and identified in various crop varieties or wild relatives.
`color{Brown}"Mutation breeding"`:
● `color{Violet}"Inducing mutations"` in plants through `color{Violet}"diverse means"` and then `color{Violet}"screening"` the plant materials for resistance sometimes leads to `color{Violet}"desirable genes"` being identified.
● Plants having these `color{Violet}"desirable characters"` can then be either multiplied directly or can be used in breeding.
● Other breeding methods that are used are `color{Violet}"selection amongst"` `color{Violet}"somaclonal variants"` and `color{Violet}"genetic engineering"`.
● `color{Brown}"Mutation"` is the process by which `color{Violet}"genetic variations are created"` through changes in the base sequence within genes resulting in the creation of a `color{Violet}"new character"` or trait not found in the parental type.
● It is possible to `color{Violet}"induce mutations"` artificially through use of `color{Violet}"chemicals or radiations"` (like gamma radiations), and selecting and using the plants that have the `color{Violet}"desirable character"` as a source in breeding – this process is called `color{Brown}"mutation breeding"`.
● In `color{Violet}"mung bean"`, resistance to `color{Violet}"yellow mosaic virus"` and `color{Violet}"powdery mildew"` were induced by mutations.
● `color{Brown}"Creating plants with"` `color{brown}"multiple superior traits"`:
● Several `color{Violet}"wild relatives"` of different cultivated species of plants have been shown to have certain `color{Violet}"resistant characters"` but have very `color{Violet}"low yield"`.
● Hence, there is a need to introduce the `color{Violet}"resistant genes"` into the `color{Violet}"high-yielding"` cultivated varieties.
● Resistance to `color{Violet}"yellow mosaic virus"` in `color{Violet}"bhindi"` (𝘈𝘣𝘦𝘭𝘮𝘰𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘴 𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘴) was transferred from a wild species and resulted in a new variety of 𝘈. 𝘦𝘴𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘶𝘴 called `color{Brown}"Parbhani krant"`i.
● All the above examples involve sources of `color{Violet}"resistance genes"` that are in the `color{Violet}"same crop species"`, which has to be bred for disease resistance, or in a `color{Violet}"related wild species"`.
● Transfer of resistance genes is achieved by `color{Violet}"sexual hybridisation"` between the target and the source plant followed by `color{Violet}"selection"`.
