`star` `color{green}("Hemodialysis:")`
● `color{violet}("Malfunctioning of kidneys")` can lead to `color{violet}("accumulation of urea")` in blood, a condition called `color{brown}("uremia")`, which is highly harmful and may lead to `color{violet}("kidney failure.")`
● In such patients, `color{violet}("urea")` can be removed by a process called `color{brown}("hemodialysis.")`
● `color{violet}("Blood drained")` from a convenient artery is `color{violet}("pumped")` into a dialysing unit after adding an anticoagulant like `color{brown}("heparin.")`
● The unit contains a `color{brown}("coiled cellophane tube")` surrounded by a fluid ( `color{brown}("dialysing fluid")`) having the same composition as that of `color{violet}("plasma except")` the `color{violet}("nitrogenous wastes")`.
● The `color{violet}("porous cellophane membrance")` of the tube allows the passage of `color{violet}("molecules")` based on concentration gradient.
● As `color{violet}("nitrogenous wastes")` are absent in the `color{violet}("dialysing fluid,")` these substances freely move out, thereby `color{violet}("clearing the blood.")`
● The `color{violet}("cleared blood")` is pumped back to the body through a vein after adding `color{brown}("anti-heparin")` to it.
● This method is a boon for thousands of `color{violet}("uremic patients")` all over the world.
`star` `color{green}("Renal Failure:")`
● `color{violet}("Kidney transplantation")` is the ultimate method in the correction of acute `color{brown}("renal failures")` (kidney failure).
● A `color{violet}("functioning kidney")` is used in transplantation from a donor, preferably a close relative, to minimise its
chances of rejection by the `color{violet}("immune system ")`of the host.
● `color{violet}("Modern clinical procedures")` have increased the success rate of such a complicated technique.
`star` `color{green}("Renal calculi:")`
`color{violet}("Stone or insoluble mass")` of `color{violet}("crystallised salts (oxalates, etc.)")` formed within the kidney.
`star` `color{green}("Glomerulonephritis")`
Inflammation of `color{violet}("glomeruli of kidney.")`
`star` `color{green}("Hemodialysis:")`
● `color{violet}("Malfunctioning of kidneys")` can lead to `color{violet}("accumulation of urea")` in blood, a condition called `color{brown}("uremia")`, which is highly harmful and may lead to `color{violet}("kidney failure.")`
● In such patients, `color{violet}("urea")` can be removed by a process called `color{brown}("hemodialysis.")`
● `color{violet}("Blood drained")` from a convenient artery is `color{violet}("pumped")` into a dialysing unit after adding an anticoagulant like `color{brown}("heparin.")`
● The unit contains a `color{brown}("coiled cellophane tube")` surrounded by a fluid ( `color{brown}("dialysing fluid")`) having the same composition as that of `color{violet}("plasma except")` the `color{violet}("nitrogenous wastes")`.
● The `color{violet}("porous cellophane membrance")` of the tube allows the passage of `color{violet}("molecules")` based on concentration gradient.
● As `color{violet}("nitrogenous wastes")` are absent in the `color{violet}("dialysing fluid,")` these substances freely move out, thereby `color{violet}("clearing the blood.")`
● The `color{violet}("cleared blood")` is pumped back to the body through a vein after adding `color{brown}("anti-heparin")` to it.
● This method is a boon for thousands of `color{violet}("uremic patients")` all over the world.
`star` `color{green}("Renal Failure:")`
● `color{violet}("Kidney transplantation")` is the ultimate method in the correction of acute `color{brown}("renal failures")` (kidney failure).
● A `color{violet}("functioning kidney")` is used in transplantation from a donor, preferably a close relative, to minimise its
chances of rejection by the `color{violet}("immune system ")`of the host.
● `color{violet}("Modern clinical procedures")` have increased the success rate of such a complicated technique.
`star` `color{green}("Renal calculi:")`
`color{violet}("Stone or insoluble mass")` of `color{violet}("crystallised salts (oxalates, etc.)")` formed within the kidney.
`star` `color{green}("Glomerulonephritis")`
Inflammation of `color{violet}("glomeruli of kidney.")`