● The `color{brown}"thyroid gland"` is composed of `color{violet}"two lobes"` which are located on `color{violet}"either side of the trachea"`.
● Both the lobes are `color{violet}"interconnected"` with a thin flap of connective tissue called `color{brown}"isthmus"`.
● The thyroid gland is composed of `color{violet}"follicles"` and `color{violet}"stromal tissues"`.
● Each thyroid follicle is composed of `color{violet}"follicular cells"`, enclosing a `color{violet}"cavity"`.
● These follicular cells synthesise `color{violet}"two hormones"`, `color{brown}"tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine"` (`T_4`) and `color{brown}"triiodothyronine"` (`T_3`).
● `color{violet}"Iodine"` is essential for the `color{violet}"normal rate"` of hormone synthesis in the thyroid.
● `color{violet}"Deficiency of iodine"` in our diet results in `color{violet}"hypothyroidism"` and enlargement of the thyroid gland, commonly called `color{brown}"goitre"`.
● `color{brown}"Hypothyroidism"` during pregnancy causes `color{violet}"defective development and maturation"` of the growing baby leading to `color{violet}"stunted growth (cretinism)"`, `color{violet}"mental retardation"`, `color{violet}"low intelligence quotient"`, `color{violet}"abnormal skin"`, `color{violet}"deaf-mutism"`, etc.
● In adult women, hypothyroidism may cause `color{violet}"menstrual cycle"` to become irregular.
● Due to `color{violet}"cancer of the thyroid gland"` or due to development of `color{violet}"nodules of the thyroid glands"`, the rate of synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones is increased to `color{violet}"abnormal high levels"` leading to a condition called `color{brown}"hyperthyroidism"` which adversely affects the body physiology.
● Thyroid hormones play an important role in the `color{violet}"regulation"` of the `color{violet}"basal metabolic rate"`.
● These hormones also support the process of `color{violet}"red blood cell formation"`.
● Thyroid hormones control the metabolism of `color{violet}"carbohydrates, proteins and fats"`.
● Maintenance of `color{violet}"water and electrolyte balance"` is also influenced by thyroid hormones.
● Thyroid gland also secretes a `color{violet}"protein hormone"` called `color{brown}"thyrocalcitonin (TCT)"` which regulates the `color{violet}"blood calcium levels"`.
● The `color{brown}"thyroid gland"` is composed of `color{violet}"two lobes"` which are located on `color{violet}"either side of the trachea"`.
● Both the lobes are `color{violet}"interconnected"` with a thin flap of connective tissue called `color{brown}"isthmus"`.
● The thyroid gland is composed of `color{violet}"follicles"` and `color{violet}"stromal tissues"`.
● Each thyroid follicle is composed of `color{violet}"follicular cells"`, enclosing a `color{violet}"cavity"`.
● These follicular cells synthesise `color{violet}"two hormones"`, `color{brown}"tetraiodothyronine or thyroxine"` (`T_4`) and `color{brown}"triiodothyronine"` (`T_3`).
● `color{violet}"Iodine"` is essential for the `color{violet}"normal rate"` of hormone synthesis in the thyroid.
● `color{violet}"Deficiency of iodine"` in our diet results in `color{violet}"hypothyroidism"` and enlargement of the thyroid gland, commonly called `color{brown}"goitre"`.
● `color{brown}"Hypothyroidism"` during pregnancy causes `color{violet}"defective development and maturation"` of the growing baby leading to `color{violet}"stunted growth (cretinism)"`, `color{violet}"mental retardation"`, `color{violet}"low intelligence quotient"`, `color{violet}"abnormal skin"`, `color{violet}"deaf-mutism"`, etc.
● In adult women, hypothyroidism may cause `color{violet}"menstrual cycle"` to become irregular.
● Due to `color{violet}"cancer of the thyroid gland"` or due to development of `color{violet}"nodules of the thyroid glands"`, the rate of synthesis and secretion of the thyroid hormones is increased to `color{violet}"abnormal high levels"` leading to a condition called `color{brown}"hyperthyroidism"` which adversely affects the body physiology.
● Thyroid hormones play an important role in the `color{violet}"regulation"` of the `color{violet}"basal metabolic rate"`.
● These hormones also support the process of `color{violet}"red blood cell formation"`.
● Thyroid hormones control the metabolism of `color{violet}"carbohydrates, proteins and fats"`.
● Maintenance of `color{violet}"water and electrolyte balance"` is also influenced by thyroid hormones.
● Thyroid gland also secretes a `color{violet}"protein hormone"` called `color{brown}"thyrocalcitonin (TCT)"` which regulates the `color{violet}"blood calcium levels"`.