● `color{violet}("Hormones")` produce their effects on target `color{violet}("tissues")` by binding to specific proteins called `color{brown}("hormone receptors")` located in the target `color{violet}("tissues")` only.
● `color{violet}("Hormone")` receptors present on the `color{violet}("cell membrane")` of the target cells are called `color{violet}("membrane-bound receptors")` and the receptors present inside the target cell are called `color{violet}("intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors")` (present in the nucleus).
● `color{violet}("Binding of a hormone")` to its receptor leads to the formation of a `color{brown}("hormone-receptor complex")`.
● Each receptor is specific to one hormone only and hence `color{violet}("receptors")` are specific.
● `color{violet}("Hormone-Receptor complex")` formation leads to certain `color{violet}("biochemical changes")` in the target tissue.
● `color{violet}("Hormones")` produce their effects on target tissues by `color{violet}("binding")` to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only.
● `color{violet}("Hormone receptors")` present on the cell membrane of the target cells are called `color{violet}("membrane-bound receptors")` and the `color{violet}("receptors present")` inside the target cell are called `color{violet}("intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors")` (present in the nucleus).
● `color{violet}("Binding of a hormone")` to its receptor leads to the formation of a `color{violet}("hormone-receptor complex")`.
● Each receptor is specific to one `color{violet}("hormone")` only and hence receptors are specific.
● `color{violet}("Hormone-Receptor complex")` formation leads to certain `color{violet}("biochemical changes")` in the target tissue.
● Target tissue metabolism and hence `color{violet}("physiological functions")` are regulated by hormones.
● On the basis of their `color{violet}("chemical nature, hormones")` can be divided into groups:
(i) `color{brown}("Peptide, polypeptide, protein hormones")` (e.g., insulin, glucagon, pituitary hormones, hypothalamic hormones, etc.)
(ii) `color{brown}("Steroids")` (e.g., cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone)
(iii) `color{brown}("Iodothyronines")` (thyroid hormones)
(iv) `color{brown}("Amino-acid derivatives")` (e.g., epinephrine).
● `color{violet}("Hormones")` which interact with `color{violet}("membrane-bound receptors")` normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers (e.g., cyclic `AMP, IP_3, Ca^(++)` etc) which in turn regulate cellular `color{violet}("metabolism.")`
● `color{violet}("Hormones ")` which interact with `color{violet}("intracellular receptors")` (e.g., steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc.) mostly regulate gene expression or `color{violet}("chromosome function")` by the interaction of hormone-receptor complex
with the `color{violet}("genome. ")`
● `color{violet}("Cumulative biochemical")` actions result in `color{violet}("physiological and developmental")` effects.
● `color{violet}("Hormones")` produce their effects on target `color{violet}("tissues")` by binding to specific proteins called `color{brown}("hormone receptors")` located in the target `color{violet}("tissues")` only.
● `color{violet}("Hormone")` receptors present on the `color{violet}("cell membrane")` of the target cells are called `color{violet}("membrane-bound receptors")` and the receptors present inside the target cell are called `color{violet}("intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors")` (present in the nucleus).
● `color{violet}("Binding of a hormone")` to its receptor leads to the formation of a `color{brown}("hormone-receptor complex")`.
● Each receptor is specific to one hormone only and hence `color{violet}("receptors")` are specific.
● `color{violet}("Hormone-Receptor complex")` formation leads to certain `color{violet}("biochemical changes")` in the target tissue.
● `color{violet}("Hormones")` produce their effects on target tissues by `color{violet}("binding")` to specific proteins called hormone receptors located in the target tissues only.
● `color{violet}("Hormone receptors")` present on the cell membrane of the target cells are called `color{violet}("membrane-bound receptors")` and the `color{violet}("receptors present")` inside the target cell are called `color{violet}("intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors")` (present in the nucleus).
● `color{violet}("Binding of a hormone")` to its receptor leads to the formation of a `color{violet}("hormone-receptor complex")`.
● Each receptor is specific to one `color{violet}("hormone")` only and hence receptors are specific.
● `color{violet}("Hormone-Receptor complex")` formation leads to certain `color{violet}("biochemical changes")` in the target tissue.
● Target tissue metabolism and hence `color{violet}("physiological functions")` are regulated by hormones.
● On the basis of their `color{violet}("chemical nature, hormones")` can be divided into groups:
(i) `color{brown}("Peptide, polypeptide, protein hormones")` (e.g., insulin, glucagon, pituitary hormones, hypothalamic hormones, etc.)
(ii) `color{brown}("Steroids")` (e.g., cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone)
(iii) `color{brown}("Iodothyronines")` (thyroid hormones)
(iv) `color{brown}("Amino-acid derivatives")` (e.g., epinephrine).
● `color{violet}("Hormones")` which interact with `color{violet}("membrane-bound receptors")` normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers (e.g., cyclic `AMP, IP_3, Ca^(++)` etc) which in turn regulate cellular `color{violet}("metabolism.")`
● `color{violet}("Hormones ")` which interact with `color{violet}("intracellular receptors")` (e.g., steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc.) mostly regulate gene expression or `color{violet}("chromosome function")` by the interaction of hormone-receptor complex
with the `color{violet}("genome. ")`
● `color{violet}("Cumulative biochemical")` actions result in `color{violet}("physiological and developmental")` effects.