Chemistry CONCEPT OF IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS

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CONCEPT OF IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS

Ionic Bond or Electrovalent Linkage :

An ion is an atom or group of atoms which has acquired charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. When an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion (anion), it will increase in size. On the other hand, when an atom loses an electron to give positive ion(cation), it will contract. The electron lost or gained is always from the outermost shell.

When two atoms, one of which can lose one or more electrons to attain a noble gas configuration and the other can receive these electrons and thereby acquire a noble gas configuration, they are said to be bonded by an ionic bond. Since the loss and gain of electrons by atoms results in the formation of ions, ionic bond is formed when two ions interact with each other and are thus held together by electrostatic attraction.

An ion is an atom or group of atoms which has acquired charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. When an atom gains an electron to form a negative ion (anion), it will increase in size. On the other hand, when an atom loses an electron to give positive ion(cation), it will contract. The electron lost or gained is always from the outermost shell.

When two atoms, one of which can lose one or more electrons to attain a noble gas configuration and the other can receive these electrons and thereby acquire a noble gas configuration, they are said to be bonded by an ionic bond. Since the loss and gain of electrons by atoms results in the formation of ions, ionic bond is formed when two ions interact with each other and are thus held together by electrostatic attraction.

Covalent Bond :

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms, each atom contributing one electron to the shared pair. The shared pair of electrons should have opposite spins and they are localized between the two nuclei concerned. A covalent bond is usually represented by a short line (i.e., a dash) between the two atoms. Note that the covalent bond consists of a pair of electrons shared between two atoms, and occupying a combination of two stable orbitals, one of each atom; the shared electrons of each covalent bond are counted for each of the two atoms connected by the covalent bond.

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms, each atom contributing one electron to the shared pair. The shared pair of electrons should have opposite spins and they are localized between the two nuclei concerned. A covalent bond is usually represented by a short line (i.e., a dash) between the two atoms. Note that the covalent bond consists of a pair of electrons shared between two atoms, and occupying a combination of two stable orbitals, one of each atom; the shared electrons of each covalent bond are counted for each of the two atoms connected by the covalent bond.

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