Mathematics FUNDAMENTAL INTEGRALS INVOLVING ALGEBRAIC , TRIGONOMETRIC, EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHM FUNCTION

Standard Results (Must be memorised) :

`(i)` `int (ax +b)^n dx = (ax+b)^(n+1)/(a (n+1)) +c` `,n ne -1` `quadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquad (ii)` `int dx /(ax +b) =1/a ln (ax +b) +c`

`(iii)` `int e^(ax+b) dx =1/a e^(ax +b) +c` `quadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquad (iv)` `int a^(px +q) dx =1/p (a^(px+q))/(ln a)` `(a > 0)+c`

`(v)` `int sin (ax +b)dx =-1/a cos (ax +b) +c` `quadquadquadquadquadquad quadquadquadquad (vi)` `int cos (ax+b)dx = 1/a sin (ax+b) +c`

`(vii)` `int tan (ax +b)dx =1/a ln sec (ax+b)+c` `quadquadquadquadquadquadquadquadquad (viii)` `int cot (ax+b)dx =1/a ln sin (ax +b) +c`

`(ix)` `int sec^2 (ax+b) dx =1/a tan (ax +b)+c` `quadquadquadquadquadquad quadquadquad (x)` `int cosec^2 (ax+b)dx =-1/a cot (ax +b)+c`

`(x i)` `int sec(ax + b)* tan(ax + b)dx =1/a sec(ax + b) + c`

`(x ii)` `int cosec (ax + b) * cot (ax + b) dx = -1/a cosec (ax + b) + c`

`(x iii)` `int secx dx = In (secx + tanx) + cquadquad` or `quadquadIn tan ( pi/4 + x/2)+c`

`(x iv)` `int cosec x dx = In (cosec x- cot x) + cquadquad` or `quadquadIn tan (x/2) +cquadquad ` or `quadquad- In (cosccx + cotx)`

`(xv)` `int sinh x dx = cosh x + c`

`(xvi)` `int cosh x dx = sinh x + c`

`(xvii)` `int sech^2x dx = tanh x + c`

`(xviii)` `int cosech^2x dx = - coth x + c`

`(x ix)` `int sech x* tanh x dx = - sech x + c`

`(x x)` `int cosech x * coth x dx = - cosech x + c`

`(x x i)` `int dx /(sqrt(a^2-x^2)) = sin^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x x ii)` `int dx/(a^2 +x^2)=1/a tan^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x x iii)` `int dx /(root x (x^2-a^2)) =1/a sec^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x x iv)` `int dx/sqrt (x^2+a^2) = In [ x+ sqrt (x^2+a^2)]quadquadquad` or `quadquadsin h^-1 (x/a)+c`

`(x xv) ` `int dx /(sqrt (x^2-a^2)) = In [ x + sqrt (x^2-a^2)]quadquadquad` or `quadquadcosh^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x xvi)` `int dx /(a^2-x^2)=1/(2a) In (a+x)/(a-x)+c`

`(x xvii)` `int dx /(x^2-a^2)=1/(2a) In (x-a)/(x+a) +c`

`(x xviii)` `int sqrt (a^2 -x^2) =x/2 sqrt (a^2 -x^2 )+ a^2/2 sin^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x x ix)` `int sqrt (x^2 +a^2 )dx =x/2 sqrt (x^2 +a^2) +a^2/2 sin h^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x x x)` `int sqrt (x^2 -a^2) dx =x/2 sqrt (x^2-a^2) -a^2/2 cos h^-1 (x/a) +c`

`(x x x i)` `int e^(ax) * sin bx dx = (e^(ax))/(a^2+b^2) (a sin bx - b cos bx)+c`

`(x x x ii)` `int e^(ax) * cos bx dx = e^(ax) /(a^2 +b^2)(a cos bx + b sin bx)+c`

Integration Of Irrational Algebraic Function :

`Type-1 :` `int dx /( (x-alpha) sqrt ((x-alpha)(beta-x))) ` `(beta > alpha)` (start : `x = alpha cos^2 theta + beta sin^2 theta`)

`Type-2:` `int dx /((ax+b) sqrt(px +q) )` ; e.g., `int dx /((2x +1) * sqrt (4x+3))`

Put `px+q=t^2`

`Type -3:` `int dx /((ax+b) sqrt (px^2 +qx +r))` ; e.g. `int dx/((x+1)*sqrt(1+x-x^2))`

Put `ax+b =1/t`

`Type-4:` `int dx /( (ax^2 +bx +c) sqrt (px+q))` ; put `px +q=t^2`

e.g. `int dx/((x^2 +5x +2)sqrt (x-2))` this reduces to `2 int dt /(t^4 +9t^2+16)`

`Type - 5:` `int dx /( (ax^2 +bx +c) sqrt (px^2 +qx +r))`

`text(Case-I :)` When `(ax^2 + bx +c)` breaks up into two linear factors, e.g.

`I = int dx/ ((x^2-x-2) sqrt (x^2 +x +1)) ` then

`= int ( (A/(x-2))+(B/(x+1))) (1/ (sqrt (x^2 +x+1))) dx = A int dx /( underbrace((x-2) sqrt(x^2 +x+1))_(text(put) x-2 =1/t) )+ B int dx /( underbrace((x+1) sqrt(x^2 +x+1))_(text(put) x+1 =1/t) )`

`text(Case-II:)` If `ax^2 + bx + c` is a perfect square say `(lx + m)^2` then put `lx + m = 1/t`

`text(Case-III:)` If `b = 0; q = 0` e.g. `int dx /((ax^2 +b) sqrt (px^2 +r))` then put `x=1/t` or the trigonometric substitution are also helpful.
e.g. `int dx /((x^2 +4)sqrt (4x^2+1))`

 
SiteLock