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ACID CHLORIDES
Acid Chlorides :
Acid chlorides are prepared from the corresponding acids by reaction with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride, as discussed earlier. Acid chlorides are the most reactive of the derivatives of carboxylic acids.
Acid chlorides are prepared from the corresponding acids by reaction with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride, as discussed earlier. Acid chlorides are the most reactive of the derivatives of carboxylic acids.
Acylation :
Acid Chlorides are important acylating agents for compounds having `-OH, -SH, -NH_2` and `-NHR` group. During acylation, hydrogen atom of these group is replaced by `RCO-`group. Acetylation is an example of acylation and is carried out by acetyl chloride.
`CH_3COCl + HOH-> CH_3COOH + HCl`
Acid Chlorides are important acylating agents for compounds having `-OH, -SH, -NH_2` and `-NHR` group. During acylation, hydrogen atom of these group is replaced by `RCO-`group. Acetylation is an example of acylation and is carried out by acetyl chloride.
`CH_3COCl + HOH-> CH_3COOH + HCl`
Reaction of Acetyl Chloride with Olefins :
Acetyl chlorides add on to the double bond of an olefin in the presence of a catalyst e.g., zinc chloride or aluminium chloride, to form a chloro ketone which, on heating, eliminates a molecule of hydrogen chloride to form an unsaturated ketone.
Acetyl chlorides add on to the double bond of an olefin in the presence of a catalyst e.g., zinc chloride or aluminium chloride, to form a chloro ketone which, on heating, eliminates a molecule of hydrogen chloride to form an unsaturated ketone.
Conversion of Acid Chlorides into Acid Derivatives :
Amides and esters are usually prepared from the acid itself. Both the preparation of the acid chloride and its reaction with ammonia or an alcohol are rapid, essentially irreversible reactions.
Note: Formyl chloride is present in the form of carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride at ordinary temperature.
Amides and esters are usually prepared from the acid itself. Both the preparation of the acid chloride and its reaction with ammonia or an alcohol are rapid, essentially irreversible reactions.
Note: Formyl chloride is present in the form of carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride at ordinary temperature.
