Chemistry INTRODUCTION OF ETHERS

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INTRODUCTION OF ETHERS

Introduction :

Ethers are compounds in which oxygen is bonded to two alkyl substituents. If the alkyl substituents are identical, the ether is symmetrical or simple ether and if they are different, the ether is unsymmetrical ether.

`underset text(A symmetrical or simple ether)(R-O-R) quad undersettext(An unsymmetrical or mixed ether)(R-O- R)'.

`The groups `R` and `R` can be alkyl or aryl. When both the `R` groups are alkyl, they are called alkyl ether and when at least one of the `R` group is an aryl, they are called aryl ethers.

Ethers are compounds in which oxygen is bonded to two alkyl substituents. If the alkyl substituents are identical, the ether is symmetrical or simple ether and if they are different, the ether is unsymmetrical ether.

`underset text(A symmetrical or simple ether)(R-O-R) quad undersettext(An unsymmetrical or mixed ether)(R-O- R)'.

`The groups `R` and `R` can be alkyl or aryl. When both the `R` groups are alkyl, they are called alkyl ether and when at least one of the `R` group is an aryl, they are called aryl ethers.

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers :

General formula : `R- O-R` are the same or different alkyl, aryl, alkeny, vinyl, alkynl groups.

A.) i) simple/symmetrical ethers : `R` & `R'` are the same group
e.g. `CH_3 - O - CH_3` Dimethyl ether

ii) Mixed/Unsymmetrical ethers: `R` & `R'` are different group

e.g. `C_5H_5-O-CH_2C_6H_5` Benzyl phenyl ether

B.) i) aliphatic ethers : `R` & `R'` are alkyl groups

e.g. `CH_3-O - CH_2CH_3` Ethyl methyl ether

ii) Aromatic ethers : Either are both `R` & `R'` are aryl groups

e.g. `C_6H_5-O- C_6H_5` Diphenyl ethers

Aromatic ethers are further subdivided into:

a) Phenolic ethers: One of the groups are aryl while other is alkyl or Alkyl aryl ethers

e.g. `C_6H_5- O - CH_3` Methyl phenyl ether

b) Diaryl ethers: both groups are aryl.

e.g. `C_6H_5- O- C_6H_5` Diphenyl ether

C.) There are various types of cyclic ethers also.

i) Cyclic ethers consisting of `2` C's in a `3` member ether are called as oxirane or Epoxides

ii) `3` C's in a `4` member ether are called oxetanes

iii) `4` C's in a `5` member ether are called tetrahydrofurans.

General formula : `R- O-R` are the same or different alkyl, aryl, alkeny, vinyl, alkynl groups.

A.) i) simple/symmetrical ethers : `R` & `R'` are the same group
e.g. `CH_3 - O - CH_3` Dimethyl ether

ii) Mixed/Unsymmetrical ethers: `R` & `R'` are different group

e.g. `C_5H_5-O-CH_2C_6H_5` Benzyl phenyl ether

B.) i) aliphatic ethers : `R` & `R'` are alkyl groups

e.g. `CH_3-O - CH_2CH_3` Ethyl methyl ether

ii) Aromatic ethers : Either are both `R` & `R'` are aryl groups

e.g. `C_6H_5-O- C_6H_5` Diphenyl ethers

Aromatic ethers are further subdivided into:

a) Phenolic ethers: One of the groups are aryl while other is alkyl or Alkyl aryl ethers

e.g. `C_6H_5- O - CH_3` Methyl phenyl ether

b) Diaryl ethers: both groups are aryl.

e.g. `C_6H_5- O- C_6H_5` Diphenyl ether

C.) There are various types of cyclic ethers also.

i) Cyclic ethers consisting of `2` C's in a `3` member ether are called as oxirane or Epoxides

ii) `3` C's in a `4` member ether are called oxetanes

iii) `4` C's in a `5` member ether are called tetrahydrofurans.

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