`text(Carbon monoxide)` :
(i) It is formed by incomplete combustion of fuels in various industries, automobiles etc.
(ii) `CO` accounts for about `50%` of total air pollution. It is largest pollutant in Delhi's air.
(iii) `CO` combines with haemoglobin, produces `text(carboxyhaemoglobin)` and therefore decreases oxygen carrying capacity leading to hypoxia, headache, decreased vision, muscular weakness, nausea, exhaustion etc.
(iv) When `50%` of haemoglobin has been transformed into carboxyhaemoglobin, then death occurs due to `CO`-poisoning leading to anoxia (oxygen starvation)
`text(Carbon dioxide)` :
(i) It is a `text(green house gas)`. It is produced due to combustion of fuels, volcanic eruptions and during the process of respiration.
(ii) Its average concentration in the atmosphere is `300` ppm (`0.03%`).
(iii) It is normally not an atmospheric pollutants, but under very high concentration it may act as a pollutant.
(iv) It causes `text(Global warming)`.
`text(Sulphur dioxide) (SO_2)` :
(i) It is produced during combustion of fossil fuels (mainly coal) and smelting of sulphur containing ores.
(ii) It causes acid rain (gaseous `SO_2` oxidises to `SO_3`, which on combination with water forms `H2SO_4`).
(iii) Acid rain is `60-70%` due to `SO_2` and `SO_3`, and `30-40%` due to `NO_2` and `NO_3`.
(iv) Due to acid rain the leaves develop chlorotic and necrotic spots.
(v) `SO_2` corrodes stones, metals, leather, paper and fabrics. There is deterioration of colour and lusture of fabrics, stones and painted surfaces.
`text(Hydrocarbons-)`
(i) They are produced naturally (e.g. marsh gas `CH_4`) and by burning of petroleum.
(ii) Benzene (`C_6H_6`) is a major constituent of petrol and automobile exhaust.
(iii) Hydrocarbons are carcinogenic, cause irritation of eyes and mucous membrane.
(iv) Benzene is a known carcinogen causing `text(leukemia)`.
(v) Ethylene (`C_2H_4`) causes premature senescence and abscission in many plants especially in orchids and cotton.
(vi) Methane (marsh gas) has the potential of destroy ozone.
`text(Nitrogen oxides)` :
(i) There are three oxides of nitrogen which act as air pollutants: Nitric oxide (`NO`), nitrogen dioxide (`NO_2`) and nitrogen trioxide.
(ii) Nitrogen and oxygen combine together at high temperature in any combustion process to produce nitrogen oxides.
(iii) These are also released by furnaces, forest fires, industries and denitrifying bacteria.
(iv) `NO` is less toxic but `NO_2` is a poisonous gas.
(v) Nitrogen oxides are responsible for forming photochemical smog.
`text(Fluorides)` :
(i) Fluorides are emitted during refinement of aluminium and rock phosphates.
(ii) Fluorides cause necrosis and chlorosis of leaf tips and leaf margins.
(iii) In human fluorides cause mottling of teeth, weak bones, boat-shaped posture, knocking knees etc.
(iv) Disease caused by fluoride is known as `text(fluorosis)`.
`text(Carbon monoxide)` :
(i) It is formed by incomplete combustion of fuels in various industries, automobiles etc.
(ii) `CO` accounts for about `50%` of total air pollution. It is largest pollutant in Delhi's air.
(iii) `CO` combines with haemoglobin, produces `text(carboxyhaemoglobin)` and therefore decreases oxygen carrying capacity leading to hypoxia, headache, decreased vision, muscular weakness, nausea, exhaustion etc.
(iv) When `50%` of haemoglobin has been transformed into carboxyhaemoglobin, then death occurs due to `CO`-poisoning leading to anoxia (oxygen starvation)
`text(Carbon dioxide)` :
(i) It is a `text(green house gas)`. It is produced due to combustion of fuels, volcanic eruptions and during the process of respiration.
(ii) Its average concentration in the atmosphere is `300` ppm (`0.03%`).
(iii) It is normally not an atmospheric pollutants, but under very high concentration it may act as a pollutant.
(iv) It causes `text(Global warming)`.
`text(Sulphur dioxide) (SO_2)` :
(i) It is produced during combustion of fossil fuels (mainly coal) and smelting of sulphur containing ores.
(ii) It causes acid rain (gaseous `SO_2` oxidises to `SO_3`, which on combination with water forms `H2SO_4`).
(iii) Acid rain is `60-70%` due to `SO_2` and `SO_3`, and `30-40%` due to `NO_2` and `NO_3`.
(iv) Due to acid rain the leaves develop chlorotic and necrotic spots.
(v) `SO_2` corrodes stones, metals, leather, paper and fabrics. There is deterioration of colour and lusture of fabrics, stones and painted surfaces.
`text(Hydrocarbons-)`
(i) They are produced naturally (e.g. marsh gas `CH_4`) and by burning of petroleum.
(ii) Benzene (`C_6H_6`) is a major constituent of petrol and automobile exhaust.
(iii) Hydrocarbons are carcinogenic, cause irritation of eyes and mucous membrane.
(iv) Benzene is a known carcinogen causing `text(leukemia)`.
(v) Ethylene (`C_2H_4`) causes premature senescence and abscission in many plants especially in orchids and cotton.
(vi) Methane (marsh gas) has the potential of destroy ozone.
`text(Nitrogen oxides)` :
(i) There are three oxides of nitrogen which act as air pollutants: Nitric oxide (`NO`), nitrogen dioxide (`NO_2`) and nitrogen trioxide.
(ii) Nitrogen and oxygen combine together at high temperature in any combustion process to produce nitrogen oxides.
(iii) These are also released by furnaces, forest fires, industries and denitrifying bacteria.
(iv) `NO` is less toxic but `NO_2` is a poisonous gas.
(v) Nitrogen oxides are responsible for forming photochemical smog.
`text(Fluorides)` :
(i) Fluorides are emitted during refinement of aluminium and rock phosphates.
(ii) Fluorides cause necrosis and chlorosis of leaf tips and leaf margins.
(iii) In human fluorides cause mottling of teeth, weak bones, boat-shaped posture, knocking knees etc.
(iv) Disease caused by fluoride is known as `text(fluorosis)`.