Physics TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Total Internal Reflection

When light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium at the interface, it is partly reflected back into the same medium and partly refracted to the second medium. This reflection is called the internal reflection.

Here AB is refracting surface, O is a point source of light, placed in denser medium. A number of rays become incident from O to the surface AB. The ray OA, being normally incident, travels undeviated. As we consider the rays having larger angle the rays will be deviated more and more. For a particular value of angle of incidence `text((called critical angle of incidence))` light ray grazes in the surface.

For `theta_1= theta_c` and `theta_2=90^o`

Using Snell's law,

`mu_text(denser) sintheta_c = mu_(rarer) sin90^o`

`=>` `sintheta_c=(mu_(rarer))/mu_text(denser)`

If the light ray is incident having angle of incidence greater than critical angle of incidence then the light is totally reflected and obeys the Jaws of reflection. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

When light travels from an optically denser medium to a rarer medium at the interface, it is partly reflected back into the same medium and partly refracted to the second medium. This reflection is called the internal reflection.

Here AB is refracting surface, O is a point source of light, placed in denser medium. A number of rays become incident from O to the surface AB. The ray OA, being normally incident, travels undeviated. As we consider the rays having larger angle the rays will be deviated more and more. For a particular value of angle of incidence `text((called critical angle of incidence))` light ray grazes in the surface.

For `theta_1= theta_c` and `theta_2=90^o`

Using Snell's law,

`mu_text(denser) sintheta_c = mu_(rarer) sin90^o`

`=>` `sintheta_c=(mu_(rarer))/mu_text(denser)`

If the light ray is incident having angle of incidence greater than critical angle of incidence then the light is totally reflected and obeys the Jaws of reflection. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

Applications of Total Internal Reflection

`=>` Total internal reflection is the operating principle of optical fibers, which are used in endoscopes and telecommunications.
`=>` Total internal reflection is the operating principle of automotive rain sensors, which control automatic windscreen/windshield wipers.
`=>` Another application of total internal reflection is the spatial filtering of light.
`=>` Prisms in binoculars use total internal reflection, rather than reflective coatings, to fold optical paths and show erect images.
`=>` Some multi-touch screens use frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a camera and appropriate software to pick up multiple targets.
`=>` Gonioscopy employs total internal reflection to view the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
`=>` A gait analysis instrument, CatWalk XT, uses frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a high speed camera to capture and analyze footprints of laboratory rodents.
`=>` Optical fingerprinting devices use frustrated total internal reflection in order to record an image of a person's fingerprint without the use of ink.
`=>` A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope uses the evanescent wave produced by TIR to excite fluorophores close to a surface. This is useful for the study of surface properties of biological samples.
`=>` Total internal reflection is the operating principle of LED Light Panels. This technology utilizes LGPs (Light Guide Plates) as the vehicle for transmitting light over large areas. By etching a grid pattern on the second surface of the LGP, frustrated total internal reflection occurs allowing the light to escape the LGP as visible illumination.
`=>` Diamonds shine brightly due to total internal reflection

`=>` Total internal reflection is the operating principle of optical fibers, which are used in endoscopes and telecommunications.
`=>` Total internal reflection is the operating principle of automotive rain sensors, which control automatic windscreen/windshield wipers.
`=>` Another application of total internal reflection is the spatial filtering of light.
`=>` Prisms in binoculars use total internal reflection, rather than reflective coatings, to fold optical paths and show erect images.
`=>` Some multi-touch screens use frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a camera and appropriate software to pick up multiple targets.
`=>` Gonioscopy employs total internal reflection to view the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
`=>` A gait analysis instrument, CatWalk XT, uses frustrated total internal reflection in combination with a high speed camera to capture and analyze footprints of laboratory rodents.
`=>` Optical fingerprinting devices use frustrated total internal reflection in order to record an image of a person's fingerprint without the use of ink.
`=>` A total internal reflection fluorescence microscope uses the evanescent wave produced by TIR to excite fluorophores close to a surface. This is useful for the study of surface properties of biological samples.
`=>` Total internal reflection is the operating principle of LED Light Panels. This technology utilizes LGPs (Light Guide Plates) as the vehicle for transmitting light over large areas. By etching a grid pattern on the second surface of the LGP, frustrated total internal reflection occurs allowing the light to escape the LGP as visible illumination.
`=>` Diamonds shine brightly due to total internal reflection

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