The process of splitting a vector into various parts or components is called `text("RESOLUTION OF VECTOR")` These parts of a vector may act in different directions and are called `text("components of vector".)` We can resolve a vector into a number of components .Generally there are three components of vector viz.
Component along `X`-axis called `x`-component.
Component along `Y`-axis called `Y`-component.

Here we will discuss only two components `x`-component & `Y`-component which are perpendicular to each other.These components are called `text(rectangular components)` of vector.

METHOD OF RESOLVING A VECTOR INTO RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
Consider a vector `vecV` acting at a point making an angle `theta ` with positive `X`-axis. Vector `vecV` is represented by a line `OA`. From point `A` draw a perpendicular `AB` on `X`-axis. Suppose `OB` and `BA` represents two vectors. Vector `OA` is parallel to `X`-axis and vector `BA` is parallel to `Y`-axis.Magnitude of these vectors are `V_x` and `V_y` respectively. By the method of head to tail we notice that the sum of these vectors is equal to vector .Thus `V_x` and `V_y` are the rectangular components of vector .

`V_x = text(Horizontal component of) vecV`

`V_y = text(Vertical component of )vecV `

`text(MAGNITUDE OF HORIZONTAL COMPONENT )`

Consider right angled triangle `OAB`

`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ costheta=bar(OB)/bar(OA)`

`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ bar(OB)=bar(OA)costheta`

`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ V_x=Vcostheta `

`text(MAGNITUDE OF VERTICAL COMPONENT)`

`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ sintheta=bar(AB)/bar(OA)`

`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ bar(AB)=bar(OA)sintheta`

`\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ V_y=Vsintheta `