(1) Structural Classification :
(A) Fibrous joints (Immovable) : also called as Synarthrosis.
(1) Sutures : Immovable : e.g. Skull
(2) Syndesmosis : Bones are connected by interosseus ligament e.g. inferior tibio fibular joints.
(3) Gomphosis: (Peg & Socket)- e.g. tooth in its socket.
(B) Cartilagenous joints : (Slightly movable) also called as Amphiarthrosis.
(1) Primary : hyaline cartilage joints (synchondrosis). After certain age the cartilage is replaced by bone. e.g. joint between Epiphysis & Shafl.
(2) Secondary : (Symphysis) fibro cartilagenous joints. Here white fibro cartilage or hyaline cartilage is present between two bones at joint.
e.g. Symphysis pubis, intervertebral disc, between rib and sternum.
(C) Synovial joints : (Most mobile) also called as Diarthrosis.
(1) Plain synovial or gliding joint : Permit slight gliding movement e.g., joint between zygapophysis, between carpals, between tarsals, processes of vetebrae.
(2) Hinge Joint : Movements are permitted in one plane around transverse axis e.g. elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint.
(3) Pivot Joint : Articular surfaces comprise of
- a central bony pivot
- surrounded by osteo-ligamentous ring movement are permitted in one plane around vertical.
e.g. radioulnar joint, median atlanta axial joint.
(4) Condylar joint: Articular surface include two distinct condyles Movement are permitted in both transverse &
Rt. & left Jaw joint, Knee joint, Atlanto-Occipetal joint.
(5) Ellipsoid joint : Movement are permitted in both axis, but articular surfaces are not in form of condyles. e.g. Wrist joint, Metacarpophalengeal joint.
(6) Saddle Joint : Articulating surface are reciprocally concavo convex. these are improperly developed joints e.g. first carpometacarpal joint. (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb.)
(7) Ball & socket joint : Here one articular surface is like a ball and other of the shape socket.
Movements are around infinite axises. eg : Shoulder & Hip bone.
(1) Structural Classification :
(A) Fibrous joints (Immovable) : also called as Synarthrosis.
(1) Sutures : Immovable : e.g. Skull
(2) Syndesmosis : Bones are connected by interosseus ligament e.g. inferior tibio fibular joints.
(3) Gomphosis: (Peg & Socket)- e.g. tooth in its socket.
(B) Cartilagenous joints : (Slightly movable) also called as Amphiarthrosis.
(1) Primary : hyaline cartilage joints (synchondrosis). After certain age the cartilage is replaced by bone. e.g. joint between Epiphysis & Shafl.
(2) Secondary : (Symphysis) fibro cartilagenous joints. Here white fibro cartilage or hyaline cartilage is present between two bones at joint.
e.g. Symphysis pubis, intervertebral disc, between rib and sternum.
(C) Synovial joints : (Most mobile) also called as Diarthrosis.
(1) Plain synovial or gliding joint : Permit slight gliding movement e.g., joint between zygapophysis, between carpals, between tarsals, processes of vetebrae.
(2) Hinge Joint : Movements are permitted in one plane around transverse axis e.g. elbow joint, ankle joint, knee joint.
(3) Pivot Joint : Articular surfaces comprise of
- a central bony pivot
- surrounded by osteo-ligamentous ring movement are permitted in one plane around vertical.
e.g. radioulnar joint, median atlanta axial joint.
(4) Condylar joint: Articular surface include two distinct condyles Movement are permitted in both transverse &
Rt. & left Jaw joint, Knee joint, Atlanto-Occipetal joint.
(5) Ellipsoid joint : Movement are permitted in both axis, but articular surfaces are not in form of condyles. e.g. Wrist joint, Metacarpophalengeal joint.
(6) Saddle Joint : Articulating surface are reciprocally concavo convex. these are improperly developed joints e.g. first carpometacarpal joint. (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb.)
(7) Ball & socket joint : Here one articular surface is like a ball and other of the shape socket.
Movements are around infinite axises. eg : Shoulder & Hip bone.