DISORDERS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Jaundice : The liver is affected, skin and eyes turn yellow due to the deposit of bile pigments.
Vomiting : It is the ejection of stomach contents through the mouth. This reflex action is controlled by the vomit centre in the medulla. A feeling of nausea precedes vomiting.

Diarrhoea : The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea. It reduces the absorption of food.

Constipation : In constipation, the faeces are retained within the rectum as the bowel movements occur irregularly.

Indigestion : ln this condition, the food is not properly digested leading to a feeling of fullness. The causes of indigestion are inadequate enzyme secretion. anxiety, food poisoning, over eating, and spicy food.

# Hypercholesterolemia (Overnutrition) - It is caused due to intake of excess of saturated fat such as butter, ghee, red meat, egg. Cholesterol level in blood rises abnormally (hypercholesterolemia) this may cause thrombosis and heart attack.
# Obesity (Overnutrition) - It is caused by excessive intake of high caloric nutrients such as sugar, honey and saturated fat. Fat accumulates in the tissue. This may cause high blood pressure, diabetes and heart diseases. Regular exercise and taking of green leafy vegetable are recommended to such persons.
# Hypervitaminosis (Overnutrition)- It is caused by excessive intake of vitamin. Such as excess of vitamin D causes deposition of calcium in soft tissue. Excess of vitamin A causes lack of appetite, itching rash etc. Hypervitaminosis of 'D', Nausea, anorexia, hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphetemia, calcification of soft tissue.
# Fluorosis - It is caused by excessive intake of fluorine. It is characterised by mottled (brownish discolouration) teeth.

1. Kwashiorkar-
Kwashiorkar is produced by protein deficiency unaccompanied by calorie deficiency. It results from the replacement
of mother's milk by a high calorie low protein diet in a child more than one year in age. Like marasmus, kwashiorkor shows wasting of muscles, thinning of limbs, failure of growth and brain development.
But unlike marasmus, some fat is still left under the skin; moreover, extensive oedema and swelling of body parts are seen.

Cure- Proteins are necessary for growth, repair of tissue and for body defence therefore adequate amount of
proteins must be present in the diet.
- Daily requirement - 1 gm protein per kg. body weight in adult.
- 2 gm protein per kg body weight in growing children.
- Sources in food - Cereals pulses, meat, fish, milk, groundnut, peas, leafy vegetables etc.