Unstable deep blue, diamagnetic gas, with fishy smell. Toxic enough (more toxic than `KCN`). It's intense blue colour is due to the absorption of red light.
`2F_2 + 2H_2O -> 4HF + O_ 2 text(Ozonised oxygen)`
`F_2 + 3H_2O -> 6HF + O_3 text(Ozonised oxygen)`
These are separated by passing into spiral tube cooled into liquid air. Ozone condenses at `-112.4^oC`.
[b.p. of `O_2` `-183^oC`; b.p. of liq. air is `-190^oC`]
`text(Oxidising property of)` `O_3` :
It is one of best oxidising agent, in acid solution, its standard, reduction potential value is `2.07` `V`.
`O_3 + 2H^(+) + 2e -> O_ 2 + H_2O` `E^o = +2.07` `V`
It is next to `F_2` [above `2.07` `V`, only `F_2`, `F_2O` are there]
(i) Metal Sulphides to Sulphates
`MS + 4O_3 -> MSO_4 + 4O_2` [`M = Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd`]
(ii) `2HX + O_3 -> X_2 + H_2O + O_2` [`X = Cl, Br, I`]
(iii) Moist `S`, `P`, `As` + `O_3 =>`
`S + H_2O + 3O_3 -> H_2SO_4 + 3O_2`
`2P + 3H_2O + SO_3 -> 2H_3PO_4 + SO_2`
`2As + 3H_2O + SO_3 -> 2H_3AsO_4 + SO_2`
(iv) {`KI + 3O_3 -> KIO_3 + 3O_2`} alk.
{`KI + 4O_3 -> KIO_4 + 4O_2`} alk.
(v) `Hg` loses its fluidity(tailing of `Hg`)
`2Hg + O_3 -> Hg_2O + O_2`
similarly `2Ag + O_3 -> undersettext(Brown)(Ag_2O) + O_2`
(vi) `BaO_2 + O_3 -> BaO + 2O_2`
`H_2O_2 +O_3-> H_2O + 2O_2`
`Na_2O_2 + O_3 + H_2O -> 2NaOH + 2O_2`
`text(Absorbent :)` (i)Turpentine oil
(ii) Oil of cinnamon
`text(Uses :)`
(i) Sterilising water
(ii) Detection of position of the double bond in the unsaturated compound.
`text(Classification of oxides)`
(a) Acidic oxides `-> H_2O + CO_2 -> H_2CO_3`
e.g. `CO_2`, `B_2O_3`, `SiO_2`, `N_2O_3`, `NO_2`, `N_2O_5`, `P_4O_6`
`text(Note :)` Mixed anhydrides `->` Those oxides which form two oxy acids.
e.g. `2NO_2 + H_2O -> HNO_2 + HNO_3`
`P_4O_8 + 6H_2O -> 2H_3PO_3 + 2H_3PO_4`
`SiO_2 + 2NaOH -> undersettext(Salt)(Na_2SiO_3) + undersettext(water)(H_2O)`
(b) `text(Basic oxides :)`
Oxide `+ H_2O ->` alkali ; e.g. `Na_2O + H_2O -> 2NaOH`
Oxide + acid `->` salt `+ H_2O` ; e.g. `CuO + H_2SO_4 -> CuSO_4 + H_2O`
Oxide + Acidic oxide `->` salt ; e.g. `PbO + SO_3 -> PbSO_4` .
(c) `text(Neutral Oxide :)`
Oxide + Acid `->` No reaction
Oxide+ Base `->` No reaction
e.g. `CO, H20 , N20 , NO` etc.
(d) `text(Amphoteric oxides)` `->` React with acid & base both to form salts.
e.g. `ZnO, Al_2O_3, BeO, SbO_3, Cr_2O_3, PbO, PbO_2` etc.
`ZnO + 2NaOH -> Na_2ZnO_2 + H_2O; ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2O`
`Al_2O_3 + 2NaOH -> 2NaAlO_2 + H_2O ; Al_2O_3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O`
`PbO + 2NaOH -> Na_2PbO_2 + H_2O ; PbO + H_2SO_4 -> PbSO_4 + H_2O`
`Cr_2O_3 + 2NaOH -> Na_2Cr_2O_7+H_2O ; Cr_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 -> Cr_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O`
(e) `text(Compound or mixed oxides)` `->` Oxides which behaves as mixture of two simple oxides.
e.g. `Pb_3O_4 (2PbO + PbO_2)`
`Fe_3O_4 (FeO + Fe_2O_3)`
`Mn_3O_4 (2M nO + MnO_2)`
(f) `text(Peroxides)` `->` Oxides + dil acids `-> H_2O_2`
e.g. `Na_2O_2 + H_2SO_4 text(dil) -> Na_2SO_4 + H_2O_2`
`BaO_2 + H_2SO_4 text(dil) -> BaSO_4 + H_2O_2`
(g) `text(Dioxides)` `->` Like peroxides, these also contain excess of oxygen but do not form `H_2O_2` with dilute acids. They evolve chlorine with conc. `HCl` and oxygen with conc. `H_2SO_4`.
e.g. `-> PbO_2, MnO_2`
`MnO_2 + 4HCl` `text(conc.) -> MnCl_2 + Cl_2+ 2H_2O`
`2MnO_2 + 2H_2SO_4 text(conc.) -> 2MnSO_4 + O_2 + 2H_2O`
(h) `text(Suboxides)` `->` The oxides which contain less oxygen than expected from the normal valency of the elements are termed sub-oxides.
e.g. Carbon suboxide - `C_3O_2`
Lead suboxide - `Pb_3O`
Nitrous oxides - `N_2O`
(i) Superoxides `->` These oxides contain `O_2^(-)` ion.
e.g. `KO_2, RbO_2, CsO_2`
These react with water to give hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
`2KO_2 + 2H_2O -> 2KOH + H_2O_2 + O_2`
Unstable deep blue, diamagnetic gas, with fishy smell. Toxic enough (more toxic than `KCN`). It's intense blue colour is due to the absorption of red light.
`2F_2 + 2H_2O -> 4HF + O_ 2 text(Ozonised oxygen)`
`F_2 + 3H_2O -> 6HF + O_3 text(Ozonised oxygen)`
These are separated by passing into spiral tube cooled into liquid air. Ozone condenses at `-112.4^oC`.
[b.p. of `O_2` `-183^oC`; b.p. of liq. air is `-190^oC`]
`text(Oxidising property of)` `O_3` :
It is one of best oxidising agent, in acid solution, its standard, reduction potential value is `2.07` `V`.
`O_3 + 2H^(+) + 2e -> O_ 2 + H_2O` `E^o = +2.07` `V`
It is next to `F_2` [above `2.07` `V`, only `F_2`, `F_2O` are there]
(i) Metal Sulphides to Sulphates
`MS + 4O_3 -> MSO_4 + 4O_2` [`M = Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd`]
(ii) `2HX + O_3 -> X_2 + H_2O + O_2` [`X = Cl, Br, I`]
(iii) Moist `S`, `P`, `As` + `O_3 =>`
`S + H_2O + 3O_3 -> H_2SO_4 + 3O_2`
`2P + 3H_2O + SO_3 -> 2H_3PO_4 + SO_2`
`2As + 3H_2O + SO_3 -> 2H_3AsO_4 + SO_2`
(iv) {`KI + 3O_3 -> KIO_3 + 3O_2`} alk.
{`KI + 4O_3 -> KIO_4 + 4O_2`} alk.
(v) `Hg` loses its fluidity(tailing of `Hg`)
`2Hg + O_3 -> Hg_2O + O_2`
similarly `2Ag + O_3 -> undersettext(Brown)(Ag_2O) + O_2`
(vi) `BaO_2 + O_3 -> BaO + 2O_2`
`H_2O_2 +O_3-> H_2O + 2O_2`
`Na_2O_2 + O_3 + H_2O -> 2NaOH + 2O_2`
`text(Absorbent :)` (i)Turpentine oil
(ii) Oil of cinnamon
`text(Uses :)`
(i) Sterilising water
(ii) Detection of position of the double bond in the unsaturated compound.
`text(Classification of oxides)`
(a) Acidic oxides `-> H_2O + CO_2 -> H_2CO_3`
e.g. `CO_2`, `B_2O_3`, `SiO_2`, `N_2O_3`, `NO_2`, `N_2O_5`, `P_4O_6`
`text(Note :)` Mixed anhydrides `->` Those oxides which form two oxy acids.
e.g. `2NO_2 + H_2O -> HNO_2 + HNO_3`
`P_4O_8 + 6H_2O -> 2H_3PO_3 + 2H_3PO_4`
`SiO_2 + 2NaOH -> undersettext(Salt)(Na_2SiO_3) + undersettext(water)(H_2O)`
(b) `text(Basic oxides :)`
Oxide `+ H_2O ->` alkali ; e.g. `Na_2O + H_2O -> 2NaOH`
Oxide + acid `->` salt `+ H_2O` ; e.g. `CuO + H_2SO_4 -> CuSO_4 + H_2O`
Oxide + Acidic oxide `->` salt ; e.g. `PbO + SO_3 -> PbSO_4` .
(c) `text(Neutral Oxide :)`
Oxide + Acid `->` No reaction
Oxide+ Base `->` No reaction
e.g. `CO, H20 , N20 , NO` etc.
(d) `text(Amphoteric oxides)` `->` React with acid & base both to form salts.
e.g. `ZnO, Al_2O_3, BeO, SbO_3, Cr_2O_3, PbO, PbO_2` etc.
`ZnO + 2NaOH -> Na_2ZnO_2 + H_2O; ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2O`
`Al_2O_3 + 2NaOH -> 2NaAlO_2 + H_2O ; Al_2O_3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O`
`PbO + 2NaOH -> Na_2PbO_2 + H_2O ; PbO + H_2SO_4 -> PbSO_4 + H_2O`
`Cr_2O_3 + 2NaOH -> Na_2Cr_2O_7+H_2O ; Cr_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 -> Cr_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O`
(e) `text(Compound or mixed oxides)` `->` Oxides which behaves as mixture of two simple oxides.
e.g. `Pb_3O_4 (2PbO + PbO_2)`
`Fe_3O_4 (FeO + Fe_2O_3)`
`Mn_3O_4 (2M nO + MnO_2)`
(f) `text(Peroxides)` `->` Oxides + dil acids `-> H_2O_2`
e.g. `Na_2O_2 + H_2SO_4 text(dil) -> Na_2SO_4 + H_2O_2`
`BaO_2 + H_2SO_4 text(dil) -> BaSO_4 + H_2O_2`
(g) `text(Dioxides)` `->` Like peroxides, these also contain excess of oxygen but do not form `H_2O_2` with dilute acids. They evolve chlorine with conc. `HCl` and oxygen with conc. `H_2SO_4`.
e.g. `-> PbO_2, MnO_2`
`MnO_2 + 4HCl` `text(conc.) -> MnCl_2 + Cl_2+ 2H_2O`
`2MnO_2 + 2H_2SO_4 text(conc.) -> 2MnSO_4 + O_2 + 2H_2O`
(h) `text(Suboxides)` `->` The oxides which contain less oxygen than expected from the normal valency of the elements are termed sub-oxides.
e.g. Carbon suboxide - `C_3O_2`
Lead suboxide - `Pb_3O`
Nitrous oxides - `N_2O`
(i) Superoxides `->` These oxides contain `O_2^(-)` ion.
e.g. `KO_2, RbO_2, CsO_2`
These react with water to give hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
`2KO_2 + 2H_2O -> 2KOH + H_2O_2 + O_2`