Those include the non-living or physico-chemical factors like air, soil, water and the basic compounds and elements of the environment.Abiotic factors are classified broadly under three categories: Climatic factors, including the climatic regime with physical factors in the environment such as light, atmospheric temperature, wind, humidity, etc; Edaphic factors, which relate to the composition and structure of the soil like its chemical and physical properties – like the soil type, soil profile, organic matter, minerals, soil water, and soil organisms. Inorganic substances like water, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus and so on. Organic substances like proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, humic substances etc.

It consists of the living parts of the environment, including the association of a lot of interrelated populations that belong to different species inhabiting a common environment. The populations are those of the animal community, the plant community and the microbial community. The biotic community is divided into autotrophs, saprotrophs and heterotrophs. Autotrophs (from Greek : auto - self, trophos - feeder) are called producers, transducers or convertors, as well. Those are photosynthetic plants, normallu chlorophyll bearing, which synthesize a high-energy complex organic compound ( or food) from the inorganic raw materials utilizing the aid of the sunt, and this process is called photosynthesis. Autortophs form the core of all biotic systems.