Photosynthesis is a process that is used by plants to prepare their food with the help of sunlight and energy. It is also used by algae and several bacteria to convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy. Oxygen is released in the form of waste product, and light is considered as the major factor to complete the process of photosynthesis. This process occurs usually when plants use light energy to convert into carbon dioxide and water. Leaves are made up of small cells which have a tiny structure known as chloroplasts. Each chloroplast contains a green chemical pigment, known as chlorophyll. Light energy is then absorbed through chlorophyll whereas CO2 and O2 enter to the plant from stomata in the leaf.

Oxygen is considered as one of the most important by-products of this process on which most of the living organism depends. Glucose is a form of carbohydrate that is processed during the process of photosynthesis. It is commonly used by green plants in the form of energy source to produce leaves, fruits,flowers, and seeds. The glucose molecules then combine with each other to develop more complex carbohydrates like cellulose and starch. The cellulose is considered as the structural material that is used in cell walls of the plant.

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in leaves with specialized cell structures known as chloroplasts. A leaf contains a petiole, the flat and smooth portion of the leaf and a lamina. The Lamina is used for absorption of sunlight energy and CO2 during the process. This process takes place in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. This chlorophyll absorbs the light energy from the sun.

There are several factors that are needed at an optimum level for a constant rate of photosynthesis.

- Light Intensity: Increased light intensity results in high rate of photosynthesis and low light intensity would consider as a low rate of photosynthesis.
- The concentration of CO2 : Higher concentration of carbon dioxide helps in increasing the rate of photosynthesis. Usually,0.03 to 0.04 percent concentration of carbon dioxide enough for photosynthesis.
- Temperature: For an efficient execution of the process, it is important to have an optimum temperature that ranges between 25 to 35c.
- Water : As water is an important factor for this process, lack of water can lead to a problem for intake of carbon dioxide. The scarcity of water leads to refusal of stomatal opening to keep the amount of water they have stored inside.
- Polluted Atmosphere: All the pollutants and gases when settles on leaves, block the pores of stomata which makes it difficult to take in CO2.