● Some strains of `color{violet}("𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴")` produce `color{violet}("proteins")` that kill certain insects such as
`color{violet}("lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm)")`,
`color{violet}("coleopterans (beetles)")` and `color{violet}("dipterans (flies, mosquitoes)")`.
● `color{violet}("𝘉. 𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴")` forms `color{violet}("protein crystals")` during a particular phase of their
`color{violet}("growth.")`
● These crystals contain a `color{violet}"toxic insecticidal"` protein.
● But this `color{violet}("toxin")` does not `color{violet}("kill the 𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴")`.
● Actually, the `color{violet}("Bt toxin protein")` exists as inactive `color{violet}("protoxins")` but once an insect ingest the inactive `color{violet}("toxin")`, it is converted into an active form of `color{violet}("toxin")` due to the `color{violet}("alkaline pH")` of the gut which solubilise the crystals.
● The activated `color{violet}("toxin binds")` to the surface of `color{violet}("midgut epithelial cells")` and create `color{violet}("pores")` that cause `color{violet}("cell swelling")` and `color{violet}("lysis and eventually")` cause `color{violet}("death of the insect")`.
● Specific `color{violet}("Bt toxin genes")` were isolated from `color{violet}("𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴")` and incorporated into the several crop `color{violet}("plants")` such as `color{violet}("cotton")`.
● The choice of `color{violet}("genes")` depends upon the crop and the targeted pest, as most `color{violet}("Bt toxins")` are insect-group specific.
● The `color{violet}("toxin")` is coded by a `color{violet}("gene")` named `color{violet}("cry")`.
● There are a number of them, for example, the `color{violet}("proteins encoded by the genes")`
`star` `color{Brown}("𝘤𝘳𝘺𝘐𝘈𝘤")` and `color{violet}("𝘤𝘳𝘺𝘐𝘐𝘈𝘣")` control the `color{violet}("cotton bollworms")`
`star` `color{Brown}("𝘤𝘳𝘺𝘐𝘈𝘣")` controls `color{violet}("corn borer")`.
● Some strains of `color{violet}("𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴")` produce `color{violet}("proteins")` that kill certain insects such as
`color{violet}("lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm)")`,
`color{violet}("coleopterans (beetles)")` and `color{violet}("dipterans (flies, mosquitoes)")`.
● `color{violet}("𝘉. 𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴")` forms `color{violet}("protein crystals")` during a particular phase of their
`color{violet}("growth.")`
● These crystals contain a `color{violet}"toxic insecticidal"` protein.
● But this `color{violet}("toxin")` does not `color{violet}("kill the 𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴")`.
● Actually, the `color{violet}("Bt toxin protein")` exists as inactive `color{violet}("protoxins")` but once an insect ingest the inactive `color{violet}("toxin")`, it is converted into an active form of `color{violet}("toxin")` due to the `color{violet}("alkaline pH")` of the gut which solubilise the crystals.
● The activated `color{violet}("toxin binds")` to the surface of `color{violet}("midgut epithelial cells")` and create `color{violet}("pores")` that cause `color{violet}("cell swelling")` and `color{violet}("lysis and eventually")` cause `color{violet}("death of the insect")`.
● Specific `color{violet}("Bt toxin genes")` were isolated from `color{violet}("𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘶𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘴")` and incorporated into the several crop `color{violet}("plants")` such as `color{violet}("cotton")`.
● The choice of `color{violet}("genes")` depends upon the crop and the targeted pest, as most `color{violet}("Bt toxins")` are insect-group specific.
● The `color{violet}("toxin")` is coded by a `color{violet}("gene")` named `color{violet}("cry")`.
● There are a number of them, for example, the `color{violet}("proteins encoded by the genes")`
`star` `color{Brown}("𝘤𝘳𝘺𝘐𝘈𝘤")` and `color{violet}("𝘤𝘳𝘺𝘐𝘐𝘈𝘣")` control the `color{violet}("cotton bollworms")`
`star` `color{Brown}("𝘤𝘳𝘺𝘐𝘈𝘣")` controls `color{violet}("corn borer")`.