Indian trade union movement can be divided into three phases :
`color{blue} {" The First Phase: "}`
`color{green} ✍️ ` The first phase falls between 1850 and 1900 during which the inception of trade unions took place. During this period of the growth of Indian Capitalist enterprises, the working and living conditions of the labour were poor and their working hours were long. Capitalists were only interested in their productivity and profitability. In addition to long working hours, their wages were low and general economic conditions were poor in industries. In order to regulate the working hours and other service conditions of the Indian textile labourers,The Indian Factories Act was enacted in 1881.
`color{green} ✍️ ` As a result, employment of child labour was prohibited. Mr. NM Lokhande organized people like Rickshawalas etc., prepareda study report on their working conditions and submitted it tothe Factory Labour Commission. The Indian Factory Act of1881 was amended in 1891 due to his efforts. Guided byeducated philanthropists and social workers like Mr.Lokhande, the growth of trade union movement was slow inthis phase. Many strikes took place in the two decadesfollowing 1880 in all industrial cities. These strikes taughtworkers to understand the power of united action even thoughthere was no union in real terms. Small associations likeBombay Mill-Hands Association came up.
`color{blue} {" The Second Phase: "}`
`color{green} ✍️ ` The second phase of The Indian trade union movement falls between 1900 and 1947. This phase was characterized by the development of organized trade unions and political movements of the working class. It also witnessed the emergence of militant trade unionism. The First World War (1914-1918) and the Russian revolution of 1917 gave a new turn to the Indian trade union movement and organized efforts on part of the workers to form trade unions. In 1918, B P Wadia organized trade union movements with Textile mills in Madras. He served strike notice to them and workers appealed to Madras High Court because under „Common Law‟, strike is a breach of law. In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi suggested to let individual struggle be a Mass movement. In 1920, the First National Trade union organization (The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)) was established. Many of the leaders of this organization were leaders of the national Movement. In 1926, Trade union law came up with the efforts of Mr. N N Joshi that became operative from 1927.
`color{blue} {" The Third Phase: "}`
`color{green} ✍️ `Third phase began with the emergence of independent India (in 1947), and the Government sought the cooperation of the unions for planned economic development. The working class movement was also politicized along the lines of political parties. For instance Indian national trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union arm of the Congress Party. The AITUC is the trade union arm of the Communist Party of India. Besides workers, white-collar employees, supervisors and managers are also organized by the trade unions, as for example in the Banking, Insurance and Petroleum industries.
`color{blue} {✍️ "Function Of Trade Unions"}` :
Trade unions are related to protect the rights and enhance thewelfare of the members in particular and of the working class ingeneral. According to the national commission on labour(NCL),the important functions of the trade unions are :-
`color{green} ✍️ ` To secure for workers fair wages.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To safeguard security of tenure and improved conditions of service.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To improve opportunities for promotion and training.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To improve working and living conditions.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To provide for educational,cultural and recreational facilities.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To co-operate in and facilitate technological advance by broadening the understanding of workers for its underlying issues.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To promote identity of interests of the workers with their industry.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To offer responsive co-operation in improving levels of production and productivity, discipline and high standard of quality.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To promote individual and collective welfare.
`color{blue} {" Trade Union In India"}` had its germination in the last quarter of thenineteenth century, it was only in the first quarter of the nineteenth centurythat the trade union movement, as it is understood today, took its birth.N.M.Lokhande, who was a factory worker in Bombay, is regarded as thefounder of the organized labour movement in India. May day really in Mumbai
In India the Trade Union movement is generally divided on political lines.According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, trade unionshad a combined membership of 24,601,589 in 2002. As of 2008, there are 11Central Trade Union Organisations (CTUO) recognised by the Ministry ofLabour. AITUC rally in Alappuzha
The Indian workforce consists of 430 million workers, growing 2%annually. The Indian labour markets consist of three sectors :
`color{green} ✍️ ` The rural workers, who constitute about 60 per cent of the workforce.
`color{green} ✍️ ` Organized sector, which employs 8 per cent of workforce, and
`color{green} ✍️ ` The urban informal sector (which includes the growing software industry and other services, not included in the formal sector) which constitutes the rest 32 per cent of the workforce.
Indian trade union movement can be divided into three phases :
`color{blue} {" The First Phase: "}`
`color{green} ✍️ ` The first phase falls between 1850 and 1900 during which the inception of trade unions took place. During this period of the growth of Indian Capitalist enterprises, the working and living conditions of the labour were poor and their working hours were long. Capitalists were only interested in their productivity and profitability. In addition to long working hours, their wages were low and general economic conditions were poor in industries. In order to regulate the working hours and other service conditions of the Indian textile labourers,The Indian Factories Act was enacted in 1881.
`color{green} ✍️ ` As a result, employment of child labour was prohibited. Mr. NM Lokhande organized people like Rickshawalas etc., prepareda study report on their working conditions and submitted it tothe Factory Labour Commission. The Indian Factory Act of1881 was amended in 1891 due to his efforts. Guided byeducated philanthropists and social workers like Mr.Lokhande, the growth of trade union movement was slow inthis phase. Many strikes took place in the two decadesfollowing 1880 in all industrial cities. These strikes taughtworkers to understand the power of united action even thoughthere was no union in real terms. Small associations likeBombay Mill-Hands Association came up.
`color{blue} {" The Second Phase: "}`
`color{green} ✍️ ` The second phase of The Indian trade union movement falls between 1900 and 1947. This phase was characterized by the development of organized trade unions and political movements of the working class. It also witnessed the emergence of militant trade unionism. The First World War (1914-1918) and the Russian revolution of 1917 gave a new turn to the Indian trade union movement and organized efforts on part of the workers to form trade unions. In 1918, B P Wadia organized trade union movements with Textile mills in Madras. He served strike notice to them and workers appealed to Madras High Court because under „Common Law‟, strike is a breach of law. In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi suggested to let individual struggle be a Mass movement. In 1920, the First National Trade union organization (The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)) was established. Many of the leaders of this organization were leaders of the national Movement. In 1926, Trade union law came up with the efforts of Mr. N N Joshi that became operative from 1927.
`color{blue} {" The Third Phase: "}`
`color{green} ✍️ `Third phase began with the emergence of independent India (in 1947), and the Government sought the cooperation of the unions for planned economic development. The working class movement was also politicized along the lines of political parties. For instance Indian national trade Union Congress (INTUC) is the trade union arm of the Congress Party. The AITUC is the trade union arm of the Communist Party of India. Besides workers, white-collar employees, supervisors and managers are also organized by the trade unions, as for example in the Banking, Insurance and Petroleum industries.
`color{blue} {✍️ "Function Of Trade Unions"}` :
Trade unions are related to protect the rights and enhance thewelfare of the members in particular and of the working class ingeneral. According to the national commission on labour(NCL),the important functions of the trade unions are :-
`color{green} ✍️ ` To secure for workers fair wages.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To safeguard security of tenure and improved conditions of service.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To improve opportunities for promotion and training.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To improve working and living conditions.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To provide for educational,cultural and recreational facilities.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To co-operate in and facilitate technological advance by broadening the understanding of workers for its underlying issues.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To promote identity of interests of the workers with their industry.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To offer responsive co-operation in improving levels of production and productivity, discipline and high standard of quality.
`color{green} ✍️ ` To promote individual and collective welfare.
`color{blue} {" Trade Union In India"}` had its germination in the last quarter of thenineteenth century, it was only in the first quarter of the nineteenth centurythat the trade union movement, as it is understood today, took its birth.N.M.Lokhande, who was a factory worker in Bombay, is regarded as thefounder of the organized labour movement in India. May day really in Mumbai
In India the Trade Union movement is generally divided on political lines.According to provisional statistics from the Ministry of Labour, trade unionshad a combined membership of 24,601,589 in 2002. As of 2008, there are 11Central Trade Union Organisations (CTUO) recognised by the Ministry ofLabour. AITUC rally in Alappuzha
The Indian workforce consists of 430 million workers, growing 2%annually. The Indian labour markets consist of three sectors :
`color{green} ✍️ ` The rural workers, who constitute about 60 per cent of the workforce.
`color{green} ✍️ ` Organized sector, which employs 8 per cent of workforce, and
`color{green} ✍️ ` The urban informal sector (which includes the growing software industry and other services, not included in the formal sector) which constitutes the rest 32 per cent of the workforce.